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Types of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000414

4.2.3 Types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers

A. Introduction

Heat transfer equipment may be designated by type or by the function it performs, such as chiller, condenser, cooler, heater, reboilcr, vaporizer, and so on. The choice of shell-and-tube heat exchanger type is governed chiefly by factors such as provision for differential movement between shell and tubes, design pressure, design temperature, and fouling nature of the fluids, rather than the function. Almost all exchanger types can perform any function. The various shell-and-tube heat exchanger types, and their variations, are described below, the type letter relating to the particular designation system referred to earlier in Section 413B. Nomenclature for heat exchanger components is summarized in Table 1. The features of the various types are summarized in Table 2.

Table 1 Nomenclature for heat exchanger components (applicable to Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9)

NumberComponentNumberComponent
1Shell16Stationary-head nozzle
2Real-head dished cover17Stationary-head cover flange
3Floating tubesheet18Stationary-head/tubesheet flange
4Floating-head cover19Shell flange at stationary head
5Floating-head backing ring20Shell flange at rear head
6Floating-head cover flange21Rear-head flange at shell
7Stationary-head cover22Rear-head barrel
8Tie rods and spacers23Stationary-head barrel
9Baffle24Packing
10Stationary tubesheet25Packing follower ring
11Pass partition plate26Packing box flange
12Tubes27Floating tubesheet skirt
13Support saddle28Slip-on backing flange
14Expansion bellows29Split shear ring
15Shell nozzle30Lantern ring with weep hole

Table 2 Types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Summary of features

Characteristic tubesheet (tupe L, M, N)Fixed (tupe U)U tubeSplit-backing-ring floating head (type S)Pull-through floating head (type T)Packed-lantem-ring floating head (type W)Outside-packed floating head
(type P)
Bayonet tube
Does it provide for differential
 movement between shell
 and tubes?
Yes – with bellows in shellYesYesYesYesYesYes
Is tube bundle removable?NoYesYesYesYesYesYes a
Is replacement bundle
 possible?
NoYesYesYesYesYesYes a
Can individual tubes be
 removed and replaced?
YesOuter tubes onlyYesYesYesYesYes
Method of cleaning insideAnyChemicalAnyAnyAnyAnyAny
Method of cleaning outside bChemicalAnyAnyAnyAnyAnyAny a
Number of tube-side passesAnyAny even numberOne or any
even number c
One or any
even number c
One or two
only d
Any eOne (special)
Is double tubesheet
 construction permissible?
YesYesNoNoNoYesYes
Are there internal gaskots?NoNoYesYesNoNoNo
Approx diametral clearonce,
 mm (Shell ID-OTL) f
11 to 1811 to 1835 to 5095 to 16015 to 3525 to 5011 to 18
a Assumes tubesheet for outer tubes not welded to shell.
b Extemal mechanical cleaning possible only with square or rotated square pitch, or unusually wide triangular pitch.
c One-pass construction requires packed gland or bellows at floating head. See Figure 416.4 and Figure 416.5.
d Tube-side nozzles must be at stationary end for two passes.
e Axial nozzle required at rear end for odd number of passes.
f Subject to comments given in Section 416D and Section 416E.

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