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Mechanical Design Codes

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000418

4.3 SHELL-AND-TUBE DESIGN CODES
4.3.1 Mechanical design codes

A. Introduction

Pressure vessel codes or standards, which cover much of the mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, are usually used voluntarily or under the terms of a contract. In some countries they also fulfil statutory or regulatory functions; indeed in several countries the national code is legally enforced, and compliance with the code is mandatory for items supplied to that country, whether built there or imported. Table 1 shows the principal codes covering heat exchanger design, the approving organisations, regulations and other acceptable codes applicable in a range of countries. A more complete list covering 117 countries is given in British Standards Institution (2006).

Table 1 Principal pressure vessel codes

CountryNational codeApproving organizationRegulationsOther acceptable codes
Belgium





Ministère de l’Emploi et du Travail


Arrête Royal of 17 Feb 1980


Any that satisfy legal requirements

Czech Republic


CSN Standards


Český Úřad Bezpečnosti Práce


Act No 22/1997


Subject to negotiation

Denmark







Arbejdstilsynet Direcktoratet



Regulations Order
No 746 of 26/11/87


BS, ASME, Merkblätter. Swedish

France



CODAP 95



DRIRE/APPAVE



JO 1498-I * (1990)
JO 1498-II * (1991)
JO 1498-IV * (1992)





F.R.Germany


A.D.Merkblätter


RUV-TUV


Equipment Safety Law (GSG),
Druckbeh v *




Hungary


MSZ


Allami Energetikai és Energiabiztonság technikai Felugyelet

PV Safety Regulations


BS, Merkblätter, ASME

Italy


ANCC


Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione
e la Sicurezza del Lavoro

R D 12.5 1927 n 842
D.M.21.11.1971




Japan


JIS B 8249


Ministry of Labour Industrial Safety Division

Code 33 30/9/72





Netherlands

Rules for PVs

Stoomwezen

Steam Act and Decree 1953



Norway


General rules
for PVs

Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsynet


Act of Protection of Workers





Poland

UDT

Urzad Dozoru Technicznego

Act of Parliament 19-11-1987

BS, ASME, TEMA

Russian Federation

GOST standards


Gospromatomnadzor UI


Gosgortechnadzor


By negotiation


Spain


See regulations


Ministry of Industry and Energy


Royal Decree 1244


Any that satisfy legal requirements

Sweden


Swedish PV Code

SAQ Inspection


AFS 1990-15





United Kingdom




BS 5500,
BS 5169



HSE




Factories Act 1961
Pressure Systems and Transportable Gas Containers Regulations

Any that meet legal requirements




United StatesASMEVaries for each stateVaries for each state

In order to ensure the integrity of the equipment and thus public safety, some of the above regulations require as part of the process of allowing a vessel or heat exchanger to be used in the country, that the design and construction are vetted by an independent inspector. The use of approved QA systems or of independent inspections are also embodied into some codes and standards to provide the assurance of compliance with the code and thus the provision of the integrity demanded by the risks associated with certain industrial processes.

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