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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Lamella heat exchangers, Laminar flow: Laminar flow control, of boundary layers, Lancaster, J F, Langelier index for water quality, Large eddy simulation, in prediction of turbulent boundary layers, Laws for turbulent flows: Layers of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Le Fevre equations for free convective heat transfer, Leakage between streams, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers Leakage effects, on heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Leaks, in heat exchanger, sealing by explosive welding, Lebedev, M E, Lee and Kesler equation, for vapour pressure, L-footed fins, Lessing rings, characteristic of, as packings for fixed beds, Li equation, for critical temperature of mixtures, Lienhard and Dhir analysis of critical heat flux in pool boiling, Lienhard and Eichhorn criterion, for transition in critical heat flux mechanism in crossflow over single tube, Lift force: Liley, P E, Limb, D, Limpet coils: Linnhoff, B, Liquefaction, exergy analysis of, Liquid fluidized beds,
Fluidized Beds
Liquid fuels, properties of, Liquid hold-up, Liquid-liquid-gas flow, Liquid-liquid flow, Liquid metals: Liquid sheets, in direct contact heat transfer, Liquid-solid interfaces, fouling at, Liquids: Lister, D H, Local conditions hypothesis, for critical heat flux in flow boiling, Lockhart and Martinelli correlations: Lodge's rubberlike liquid (non-Newtonian), Logarithmic law region, Logarithmic mean temperature difference Longitudinal flow and heat transfer in tube banks, Long-tube vertical evaporator, Loss coefficient, Lost work in unit operations/exergy analysis, Louvered fins, in plate fin exchangers, Low-alloy steels: Low-finned tubes: Low-nickel steels, Lubricants, physical properties: Lucas methods

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HEDH
A B C D E F G H I J K L
Lamella heat exchangers, Laminar flow: Laminar flow control, of boundary layers, Lancaster, J F, Langelier index for water quality, Large eddy simulation, in prediction of turbulent boundary layers, Laws for turbulent flows: Layers of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Le Fevre equations for free convective heat transfer, Leakage between streams, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers Leakage effects, on heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Leaks, in heat exchanger, sealing by explosive welding, Lebedev, M E, Lee and Kesler equation, for vapour pressure, L-footed fins, Lessing rings, characteristic of, as packings for fixed beds, Li equation, for critical temperature of mixtures, Lienhard and Dhir analysis of critical heat flux in pool boiling, Lienhard and Eichhorn criterion, for transition in critical heat flux mechanism in crossflow over single tube, Lift force: Liley, P E, Limb, D, Limpet coils: Linnhoff, B, Liquefaction, exergy analysis of, Liquid fluidized beds,
Fluidized Beds
Liquid fuels, properties of, Liquid hold-up, Liquid-liquid-gas flow, Liquid-liquid flow, Liquid metals: Liquid sheets, in direct contact heat transfer, Liquid-solid interfaces, fouling at, Liquids: Lister, D H, Local conditions hypothesis, for critical heat flux in flow boiling, Lockhart and Martinelli correlations: Lodge's rubberlike liquid (non-Newtonian), Logarithmic law region, Logarithmic mean temperature difference Longitudinal flow and heat transfer in tube banks, Long-tube vertical evaporator, Loss coefficient, Lost work in unit operations/exergy analysis, Louvered fins, in plate fin exchangers, Low-alloy steels: Low-finned tubes: Low-nickel steels, Lubricants, physical properties: Lucas methods
M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
L Liquid fluidized beds,
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Fluidized Beds

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000148

2.2 SINGLE-PHASE FLUID FLOW
2.2.6 Fluidized beds

K. E. Wirth

A. Fluidization principle

(a) Types of fluidization

In a fluidized bed the solid particles are carried by an up-flowing fluid (gas or liquid). The weight of the particles is balanced by the force which is exerted by the fluid flow on the particles. The bed as a whole shows a liquid-like behavior.

At low flow rate the fluid percolates the voids of the solids bed without changing the bed structure. The void fraction of the bed ε, i.e. the bed porosity, does not depend on the fluid flow rate, and thus remains constant. This operating mode is called fixed bed (Figure 1a). The particles are resting on a plate which is only permeable to the gas. An increase in the flow rate, and thereby in the forces exerted by the fluid on the solid material, results in individual particles beginning to move within narrowly bounded regions, whereas the majority of the particles remain in permanent contact as a fixed bed. With a further increase in the throughput of fluid, a situation is reached where the particles are not in permanent contact with one another and are supported by the fluid. In this state, the fluid pressure drop measured between two horizontal reference planes is in equilibrium with the weight, per unit bed cross sectional area of the solid and fluid contained between these planes. The bed has now attained fluidization (see Figure 1b) and is characterized by the voidage εmf and the height hmf. The corresponding superficial gas velocity is called minimum fluidization velocity umf.

Figure 1 Forms of fluidized beds

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