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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
F-correction method:
F-factor charts and equations for various heat exchanger configurations,
F-factor method:
F-type shells:
Fabrication:
Failure modes of heat exchangers,
Falling films, direct contact heat transfer in,
Falling film evaporator:
Fanno flow,
Fans in air-cooled heat exchangers:
Fatigue as failure mode of a heat exchanger
Fatigue life, of expansion bellows,
Fawcett, R
Fedor's method, for critical temperature,
Fenghour, A
Ferritic stainless steels, as material of construction,
Fick's law for diffusion,
Film boiling:
Film model, condenser design by
Film temperature, definition of for turbulent flow over flat plate,
Films in heat exchangers,
Filmwise condensation:
Fincotherm, heat transfer medium,
Finite-difference equations:
Finite difference methods:
Finite-element methods:
Fins (see also Extended surfaces):
Fire-tube boiler,
Fired heaters,
Fires, room, radiation interaction phenomena in,
Firsova, E V,
Fixed beds:
Fixed tubesheet, shell-and-tube exchangers:
Flanges, mechanical design of in heat exchangers,
Flash evaporation
Flat absorber of thermal radiation,
Flat heads:
Flat plate:
Flat reflector of thermal radiation,
Floating head designs for shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Flooded type evaporator, in refrigeration,
Flooding phenomena:
Flow distribution:
Flow-induced vibration,
Flow regimes:
in boiling outside single horizontal tubes,
in boiling in horizontal tubes,
in combined free and forced convection in pipes
in combined free and forced convection around immersed bodies,
in condensation-forming immiscible liquids,
in fluidized beds
in gas-liquid flow,
in helical coils of rectangular cross section,
influence of free convection on, in horizontal pipe flow,
in liquid-liquid flow
in liquid-liquid-gas flow,
in natural convection in enclosures,
in single-phase flow in tube banks,
in single-phase flow over immersed bodies:
in single phase flow in annular channel with rotating inner surface,
in solid-gas flow,
Flow stream analysis method for segmentally baffled shell and tube heat exchangers,
Flue gases, fouling by,
Fluid elastic instability as source of flow-induced vibration,
Fluid flow, lost work in,
Fluid mechanics, Eulerian formulation for,
Fluid-to-particle heat transfer in fluidized beds,
Fluidized bed dryer:
Fluidized bed gravity conveyors,
Fluidized beds:
Fluids:
Fluorine:
Fluorobenzene:
Fluoroethane (Refrigerant 161):
Fluoromethane (Refrigerant 41):
Fluted tubes:
Flux method, for modeling radiation in furnaces,
Flux relationships in heat exchangers,
Fogging in condensation
Food processing, fouling of heat exchangers in,
Forced flow reboilers:
Formaldehyde:
Formamide:
Formic acid:
Forster and Zuber correlation for nucleate boiling,
Fouling,
Foam systems, heat transfer in,
Four phase flows, examples,
Fourier law for conduction
Fourier number (Fo):
Frames for plate heat exchangers,
France, guide to national practice for mechanical design,
Free convection:
Free-fall velocity, of particles,
Free-stream turbulence, effect on flow over cylinders,
Freeze protection of air-cooled heat exchangers,
Freezing, of condensate in condensers
Fresnel relations in reflection of radiation,
Fretting corrosion,
Friction factor:
Friction multipliers in gas-liquid flow:
Friction velocity, definition,
Friedel correlation for frictional pressure gradient in straight channels,
Froude number:
Fuels, properties of,
Fuller, R K,
Furan:
Furfural:
Furnaces:
Fusion welding, of tubes into tubesheets in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Index
HEDH
A
B
C
D
E
F
F-correction method:
F-factor charts and equations for various heat exchanger configurations,
F-factor method:
F-type shells:
Fabrication:
Failure modes of heat exchangers,
Falling films, direct contact heat transfer in,
Falling film evaporator:
Fanno flow,
Fans in air-cooled heat exchangers:
Fatigue as failure mode of a heat exchanger
Fatigue life, of expansion bellows,
Fawcett, R
Fedor's method, for critical temperature,
Fenghour, A
Ferritic stainless steels, as material of construction,
Fick's law for diffusion,
Film boiling:
Film model, condenser design by
Film temperature, definition of for turbulent flow over flat plate,
Films in heat exchangers,
Filmwise condensation:
Fincotherm, heat transfer medium,
Finite-difference equations:
Finite difference methods:
Finite-element methods:
Fins (see also Extended surfaces):
Fire-tube boiler,
Fired heaters,
Fires, room, radiation interaction phenomena in,
Firsova, E V,
Fixed beds:
Fixed tubesheet, shell-and-tube exchangers:
Flanges, mechanical design of in heat exchangers,
Flash evaporation
Flat absorber of thermal radiation,
Flat heads:
Flat plate:
Flat reflector of thermal radiation,
Floating head designs for shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Flooded type evaporator, in refrigeration,
Flooding phenomena:
Flow distribution:
Flow-induced vibration,
Flow regimes:
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
in boiling outside single horizontal tubes,
in boiling in horizontal tubes,
in combined free and forced convection in pipes
in combined free and forced convection around immersed bodies,
in condensation-forming immiscible liquids,
in fluidized beds
in gas-liquid flow,
in helical coils of rectangular cross section,
influence of free convection on, in horizontal pipe flow,
in liquid-liquid flow
in liquid-liquid-gas flow,
in natural convection in enclosures,
in single-phase flow in tube banks,
in single-phase flow over immersed bodies:
in single phase flow in annular channel with rotating inner surface,
in solid-gas flow,
Flow stream analysis method for segmentally baffled shell and tube heat exchangers,
Flue gases, fouling by,
Fluid elastic instability as source of flow-induced vibration,
Fluid flow, lost work in,
Fluid mechanics, Eulerian formulation for,
Fluid-to-particle heat transfer in fluidized beds,
Fluidized bed dryer:
Fluidized bed gravity conveyors,
Fluidized beds:
Fluids:
Fluorine:
Fluorobenzene:
Fluoroethane (Refrigerant 161):
Fluoromethane (Refrigerant 41):
Fluted tubes:
Flux method, for modeling radiation in furnaces,
Flux relationships in heat exchangers,
Fogging in condensation
Food processing, fouling of heat exchangers in,
Forced flow reboilers:
Formaldehyde:
Formamide:
Formic acid:
Forster and Zuber correlation for nucleate boiling,
Fouling,
Foam systems, heat transfer in,
Four phase flows, examples,
Fourier law for conduction
Fourier number (Fo):
Frames for plate heat exchangers,
France, guide to national practice for mechanical design,
Free convection:
Free-fall velocity, of particles,
Free-stream turbulence, effect on flow over cylinders,
Freeze protection of air-cooled heat exchangers,
Freezing, of condensate in condensers
Fresnel relations in reflection of radiation,
Fretting corrosion,
Friction factor:
Friction multipliers in gas-liquid flow:
Friction velocity, definition,
Friedel correlation for frictional pressure gradient in straight channels,
Froude number:
Fuels, properties of,
Fuller, R K,
Furan:
Furfural:
Furnaces:
Fusion welding, of tubes into tubesheets in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
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Fluidized Beds
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000148
2.2 SINGLE-PHASE FLUID FLOW
2.2.6 Fluidized beds
K. E. Wirth
A. Fluidization principle
(a) Types of fluidization
In a fluidized bed the solid particles are carried by an up-flowing fluid (gas or liquid). The weight of the particles is balanced by the force which is exerted by the fluid flow on the particles. The bed as a whole shows a liquid-like behavior.
At low flow rate the fluid percolates the voids of the solids bed without changing the bed structure. The void fraction of the bed ε, i.e. the bed porosity, does not depend on the fluid flow rate, and thus remains constant. This operating mode is called fixed bed (Figure 1a). The particles are resting on a plate which is only permeable to the gas. An increase in the flow rate, and thereby in the forces exerted by the fluid on the solid material, results in individual particles beginning to move within narrowly bounded regions, whereas the majority of the particles remain in permanent contact as a fixed bed. With a further increase in the throughput of fluid, a situation is reached where the particles are not in permanent contact with one another and are supported by the fluid. In this state, the fluid pressure drop measured between two horizontal reference planes is in equilibrium with the weight, per unit bed cross sectional area of the solid and fluid contained between these planes. The bed has now attained fluidization (see Figure 1b) and is characterized by the voidage εmf and the height hmf. The corresponding superficial gas velocity is called minimum fluidization velocity umf.
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