Navigation by alphabet
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Ideal gas:
Ilexan, heat transfer medium,
Illingworth, A,
Imbedded fins,
Immersed bodies:
Immersed tubes, in fluidized beds, heat transfer to,
Immiscible liquids, condensation of vapors producing
Impairment of heat transfer in combined free and forced convection in a vertical pipe,
Imperfectly diffuse surfaces:
Impingement damage in heat exchangers,
Impingement plate:
in condensers,
construction features,
effect on inlet pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Impingement protection, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Impinging jets:
Implicit equations, solution of
Inclined enclosures, free convective heat transfer in,
Inclined flow, effect of on heat transfer to cylinders,
Inclined pipes:
Inclined surfaces, free convective heat transfer from,
Inconel, spectral characteristics of reflectance from oxidized surface of,
Induced flow instabilities, in augmentation of heat transfer,
Injection:
Inlet effects in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
In-line tube banks:
Inorganic compounds, solutions of, as heat transfer media,
Inorganic substances:
Instability, parallel channel, in condensers,
Insulators, thermal conductivity of,
Integral condensation:
Integral finned tubes:
Interaction coefficients in heat exchangers,
Interaction parameters for binary systems, tables,
Interfacial friction, in three-phase (liquid-liquid-gas) stratified flows,
Interfacial resistance, in condensation,
Interfacial roughness, relationships for, in annular gas-liquid flow,
Interfacial shear stress, effect on filmwise condensation, on vertical surface,
Intergrannular corrosion, of
Intermating troughs, as corrugation design in plate heat exchangers,
Intermittent flows:
Internal heat sources, temperature distribution in bodies with,
Internal heat transfer coefficient, use in transient conduction calculations,
Internal reboilers (in distillation columns), characteristics advantages and disadvantages of,
Internally finned tubes:
International codes for pressure vessels,
Interpenetrating continua (as representation of heat exchangers):
Intertube velocity, in tube banks,
Inviscid flow, compressible, with heat addition,
Iodine:
Iodobenzene:
Iodoethane:
Iodomethane:
ISO codes for mechanical design of heat exchangers,
Isobutane:
Isobutanol:
Isobutylamine:
Isobutylformate:
Isobutyric acid:
Isoparaffins:
Isopentane:
Isopentanol:
Isopropanol:
Isopropylacetate:
Isopropylamine:
Isopropylbenzene:
Isopropylcyclohexane:
Isothermal flow, compressible, in ducts,
Isothermal gas, radiation heat transfer to walls from,
Isotropic materials, elastic properties,
Isotropic scattering,
Italy, guide to national practice for heat exchanger mechanical design,
Index
HEDH
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
Ideal gas:
Ilexan, heat transfer medium,
Illingworth, A,
Imbedded fins,
Immersed bodies:
Immersed tubes, in fluidized beds, heat transfer to,
Immiscible liquids, condensation of vapors producing
Impairment of heat transfer in combined free and forced convection in a vertical pipe,
Imperfectly diffuse surfaces:
Impingement damage in heat exchangers,
Impingement plate:
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
in condensers,
construction features,
effect on inlet pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Impingement protection, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Impinging jets:
Implicit equations, solution of
Inclined enclosures, free convective heat transfer in,
Inclined flow, effect of on heat transfer to cylinders,
Inclined pipes:
Inclined surfaces, free convective heat transfer from,
Inconel, spectral characteristics of reflectance from oxidized surface of,
Induced flow instabilities, in augmentation of heat transfer,
Injection:
Inlet effects in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
In-line tube banks:
Inorganic compounds, solutions of, as heat transfer media,
Inorganic substances:
Instability, parallel channel, in condensers,
Insulators, thermal conductivity of,
Integral condensation:
Integral finned tubes:
Interaction coefficients in heat exchangers,
Interaction parameters for binary systems, tables,
Interfacial friction, in three-phase (liquid-liquid-gas) stratified flows,
Interfacial resistance, in condensation,
Interfacial roughness, relationships for, in annular gas-liquid flow,
Interfacial shear stress, effect on filmwise condensation, on vertical surface,
Intergrannular corrosion, of
Intermating troughs, as corrugation design in plate heat exchangers,
Intermittent flows:
Internal heat sources, temperature distribution in bodies with,
Internal heat transfer coefficient, use in transient conduction calculations,
Internal reboilers (in distillation columns), characteristics advantages and disadvantages of,
Internally finned tubes:
International codes for pressure vessels,
Interpenetrating continua (as representation of heat exchangers):
Intertube velocity, in tube banks,
Inviscid flow, compressible, with heat addition,
Iodine:
Iodobenzene:
Iodoethane:
Iodomethane:
ISO codes for mechanical design of heat exchangers,
Isobutane:
Isobutanol:
Isobutylamine:
Isobutylformate:
Isobutyric acid:
Isoparaffins:
Isopentane:
Isopentanol:
Isopropanol:
Isopropylacetate:
Isopropylamine:
Isopropylbenzene:
Isopropylcyclohexane:
Isothermal flow, compressible, in ducts,
Isothermal gas, radiation heat transfer to walls from,
Isotropic materials, elastic properties,
Isotropic scattering,
Italy, guide to national practice for heat exchanger mechanical design,
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Headers, Nozzles and Turnarounds
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000149
2.2.7 Headers, nozzles, and turnarounds
J. A. R. Henry
Introduction
The prime purpose of nozzles, headers, and turnarounds is to distribute fluid through a heal exchanger matrix, as shown in Figure 1 for a typical case.
The indirect purpose of these components, in common with the others making up the structure, is lo contain the process fluids, which may be under high pressure. Hence, although their prime function is to direct and distribute flow, it is often found that their design is dictated by strength, cheapness, or ease of manufacture, rather than by considerations of fluid dynamics. In many instances this approach results in poor distribution of the fluid within the heat exchanger.
Poor distribution may or may not result in unsatisfactory performance, which in the past has usually been of secondary importance. However, with the increasing cost of energy and materials, it is desirable to utilize equipment to maximum efficiency during its lifetime. This requires a balanced performance, one aspect of which is achieving more uniform flow distribution. Associated with this is the need to predict pressure drop with some accuracy.
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