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Taborek, J, xlv-lvi Taitel and Dukler flow regime map, for horizontal and inclined gas- liquid flows, Tamura et al correlation, for surface tension of mixtures, Taylor Forge method, for mechanical design of flanges, comparison with EN13445 method, Taylor series expansion, Teflon, use in heat transfer enhancement: TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association): Temperature distribution: Tenders for heat exchangers, Terminal free fall velocity, in fluidization, Testing and inspection of heat exchangers: Tetrabromomethane: 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Tetrachloroethylene: Tetradecane: Tetradecene: Tetrachlorodifluoroethane (Refrigerant 112): 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant R134a): Tetrafluoromethane (Refrigerant 14): Tetrahydrofuran: 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene: 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene: 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene: Thermal conductivity: Thermal contact conductance (TCC), Thermal contact resistance (TCR), Thermal design, constructional features affecting, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers Thermal diffusivity: Thermal expansion coefficient: Thermal leakage in F-type shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Thermal mixing in plate heat exchangers, Thermal stress: Thermocal, heat transfer media, Thermodynamic cycles in refrigeration, Thermodynamic properties: Thermodynamic surface in radiative heat transfer, Thermoexel surface, for enhancement of boiling, Thermofluids, heat transfer medium, Thermosiphon Theta-NTU method: Thickness of boundary layers (displacement, momentum, energy, density, temperature), Thin-wall-type expansion bellows, Thiophene: Thome, J R Three-phase flows: Tie rods in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Tinker method for shell-side heat transfer in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Titanium and titanium alloys, T-junctions, loss coefficients in, Tolerances Toluene: m-Toluidine: Tong F-factor method, for critical heat flux with nonuniform heating, Tooth, A S, Total emissivity in gases, Transcendental equations in transient conduction, Transient behavior: Transition boiling: Transition flow, heat transfer in free convective flow over vertical surfaces in, Transitional flow, in combined free and forced convection, Transmission of thermal radiation in solids: Transmissivity of solids: Transport properties: Transverse flow, combined free and forced convection in, Treated surfaces, for augmentation of heat transfer, Triangular duct: Triangular fins, in plate fin exchangers, Triangular relationship, in annular gas-liquid flow, Tribromomethane: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Refrigerant 140a): Trichloroethylene: Trichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant 11) Trichloromethane (Chloroform) (Refrigerant 20): 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Refrigerant 113): Tridecane: Tridecene: Triethylamine: 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (Refrigerant 143a): Trifluoromethane (Refrigerant 23): Trimethylamine: 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene: 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane): Triphenylmethane: Triple interface (gas/solid/liquid), True temperature difference, in double pipe exchangers, Truelove, J S, Tsotsas, E Tube-baffle damage, in heat exchangers, Tube banks, finned: Tube banks, plain: Tube banks, roughened tubes, effect of roughness on Euler number in, Tube bundles: Tube counts, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Tube end attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Tube inserts, heat exchangers with, Tube-in-plate extended surface configurations, fin efficiency of, Tube plates, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Tube rupture in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Tube-to-tubesheet attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Tubes: Tucker, R J, Tunnel dryer, Turbine exhaust condensers: Turbines, lost work in Turbulence: Turbulent boundary layers: Turbulent buffeting, as source of tube vibration, Turbulent energy, integral equation for, Turbulent flow: Turnarounds, in heat exchangers, Turner, C W, Twisted tapes: Twisted tube heat exchangers, Twisted tubes Two-equation models, for turbulent boundary layers, Two-phase loop with capillary pump, Two-phase flows:

Index

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T
Taborek, J, xlv-lvi Taitel and Dukler flow regime map, for horizontal and inclined gas- liquid flows, Tamura et al correlation, for surface tension of mixtures, Taylor Forge method, for mechanical design of flanges, comparison with EN13445 method, Taylor series expansion, Teflon, use in heat transfer enhancement: TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association): Temperature distribution: Tenders for heat exchangers, Terminal free fall velocity, in fluidization, Testing and inspection of heat exchangers: Tetrabromomethane: 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Tetrachloroethylene: Tetradecane: Tetradecene: Tetrachlorodifluoroethane (Refrigerant 112): 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant R134a): Tetrafluoromethane (Refrigerant 14): Tetrahydrofuran: 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene: 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene: 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene: Thermal conductivity: Thermal contact conductance (TCC), Thermal contact resistance (TCR), Thermal design, constructional features affecting, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers Thermal diffusivity: Thermal expansion coefficient: Thermal leakage in F-type shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Thermal mixing in plate heat exchangers, Thermal stress: Thermocal, heat transfer media, Thermodynamic cycles in refrigeration, Thermodynamic properties: Thermodynamic surface in radiative heat transfer, Thermoexel surface, for enhancement of boiling, Thermofluids, heat transfer medium, Thermosiphon Theta-NTU method: Thickness of boundary layers (displacement, momentum, energy, density, temperature), Thin-wall-type expansion bellows, Thiophene: Thome, J R Three-phase flows: Tie rods in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Tinker method for shell-side heat transfer in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Titanium and titanium alloys, T-junctions, loss coefficients in, Tolerances Toluene: m-Toluidine: Tong F-factor method, for critical heat flux with nonuniform heating, Tooth, A S, Total emissivity in gases, Transcendental equations in transient conduction, Transient behavior: Transition boiling: Transition flow, heat transfer in free convective flow over vertical surfaces in, Transitional flow, in combined free and forced convection, Transmission of thermal radiation in solids: Transmissivity of solids: Transport properties: Transverse flow, combined free and forced convection in, Treated surfaces, for augmentation of heat transfer, Triangular duct: Triangular fins, in plate fin exchangers, Triangular relationship, in annular gas-liquid flow, Tribromomethane: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Refrigerant 140a): Trichloroethylene: Trichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant 11) Trichloromethane (Chloroform) (Refrigerant 20): 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Refrigerant 113): Tridecane: Tridecene: Triethylamine: 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (Refrigerant 143a): Trifluoromethane (Refrigerant 23): Trimethylamine: 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene: 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane): Triphenylmethane: Triple interface (gas/solid/liquid), True temperature difference, in double pipe exchangers, Truelove, J S, Tsotsas, E Tube-baffle damage, in heat exchangers, Tube banks, finned: Tube banks, plain: Tube banks, roughened tubes, effect of roughness on Euler number in, Tube bundles: Tube counts, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Tube end attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Tube inserts, heat exchangers with, Tube-in-plate extended surface configurations, fin efficiency of, Tube plates, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Tube rupture in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Tube-to-tubesheet attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Tubes: Tucker, R J, Tunnel dryer, Turbine exhaust condensers: Turbines, lost work in Turbulence: Turbulent boundary layers: Turbulent buffeting, as source of tube vibration, Turbulent energy, integral equation for, Turbulent flow: Turnarounds, in heat exchangers, Turner, C W, Twisted tapes: Twisted tube heat exchangers, Twisted tubes Two-equation models, for turbulent boundary layers, Two-phase loop with capillary pump, Two-phase flows:
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Banks of Plain and Finned Tubes

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000170

2.5.3 Banks of Plain and Finned Tubes

Banks of plain and finned tubes are one of the most important arrangements for heat transfer. In what follows, Section A deals with plain tubes and Section B introduces general features of finned tubes. Sections C and D then deal with prediction methods for high fin and low fin tubes respectively.

A. Banks of plain tubes

(a) Introduction

In the field of power generation, in the chemical industries, and in other technologies, heat exchangers involving tubes in crossflow are widely employed. A bundle of circular tubes is one of the most common heat transfer surfaces, particularly in shell – and tube heat exchangers.

Detailed studies have established the relation between the heat transfer and the arrangement of tubes within the bundle (staggered or in-line), and have also established the effect of relative transverse (a = s1 /d), longitudinal (b = s2 /d) and diagonal (b1 = s' /d) pitches (as defined in Figure 1). The fluid approaches the bundle at an angle ψ to the axis of the tube, the "yaw angle". The most common case is where the fluid approaches in a direction normal to the tube axes (ψ = 90°), but often tubes operate at different yaw angles ψ to the flow, and this affects the heat transfer behaviour. Inside a bundle, the flow converges in the intertube spaces and forms a highly turbulent flow over the inner tubes. The recirculation region in the rear of an inner tube is smaller than that for a single tube. The situation is governed by the relative pitches and the bundle geometry. The more compact a bundle is, the larger is the deviation in heat transfer from the single-tube situation. The average heat transfer coefficient depends on the number of longitudinal rows because changes in the turbulence level in inner rows and because of the inlet-outlet effects.

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