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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Absorbing media, interaction phenomena in, Absorption of thermal radiation: Absorption coefficient, Absorption spectra in gases, Absorptivity: Acentric factor: Acetaldehyde: Acetic acid: Acetic anhydride: Acetone: Acetonitrile: Acetophenone: Acetylene: Acetylenes Ackerman correction factor in condensation, Acoustic methods, for fouling mitigation, Acoustic vibration of heat exchangers, Acrolein: Acrylic acid: Active systems for augmentation of heat transfer: Additives: Adiabatic flows, compressible, in duct, Admiralty brass, Advanced models for furnaces, Agitated beds, heat transfer to, Agitated vessels, Ahmad scaling method for critical heat flux in flow boiling of nonaqueous fluids, Air: Air-activated gravity conveyor, Air-cooled heat exchangers: Air preheaters, fouling in, Albedo for single scatter in radiation, Alcohols: Aldehydes: Aldred, D L, Allyl alcohol: Allyl chloride (-chloropropane) Alternating direction (ADR) method, for solution of implicit finite difference equations, Aluminum, spectral characteristics of anodized surfaces, Aluminum alloys, thermal and mechanical properties, Aluminium brass, Ambrose-Walton corresponding states method, for vapour pressure, Amides: Amines: Ammonia: tert-Amyl alcohol: Analogy between heat and mass and momentum transfer Analytical solution of groups, for calculation of thermodynamic Anelasticity, Angled tubes, use in increasing flooding rate in reflux condensation, Aniline: Anisotropy of elastic properties, Annular distributor in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Annular ducts: Annular (radial) fins, efficiency Annular flow (gas-liquid): Annular flow (liquid-liquid), Annular flow (liquid-liquid-gas), Anti-foulants, Antoine equation, for vapour pressure, Aqueous solutions, as heat transfer media, Arc welding of tubes into tube sheets: Archimedes number, Area of tube outside surface in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Argon: Arithmetic mean temperature difference, definition, Armstrong, Robert C Aromatics: ASME VIII code, for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Assisted convection: Attachment, of fouling layers, Augmentation of heat transfer
Augmentation of Heat Transfer Condensation Enhancement Augmentation of Boiling and Evaporation active systems for: entropy generation in, in boiling, in condensation, in kettle reboilers, in microfluidic systems, nanoparticles for, passive systems for: phase change materials for, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers using low finned tubes, system impact of,
Austenitic stainless steels, Average phase velocity in multiphase flows, Axial flow reboilers, Axial wire attachments, for augmentation of condensation, Azeotropes, condensation of

Index

HEDH
A
Absorbing media, interaction phenomena in, Absorption of thermal radiation: Absorption coefficient, Absorption spectra in gases, Absorptivity: Acentric factor: Acetaldehyde: Acetic acid: Acetic anhydride: Acetone: Acetonitrile: Acetophenone: Acetylene: Acetylenes Ackerman correction factor in condensation, Acoustic methods, for fouling mitigation, Acoustic vibration of heat exchangers, Acrolein: Acrylic acid: Active systems for augmentation of heat transfer: Additives: Adiabatic flows, compressible, in duct, Admiralty brass, Advanced models for furnaces, Agitated beds, heat transfer to, Agitated vessels, Ahmad scaling method for critical heat flux in flow boiling of nonaqueous fluids, Air: Air-activated gravity conveyor, Air-cooled heat exchangers: Air preheaters, fouling in, Albedo for single scatter in radiation, Alcohols: Aldehydes: Aldred, D L, Allyl alcohol: Allyl chloride (-chloropropane) Alternating direction (ADR) method, for solution of implicit finite difference equations, Aluminum, spectral characteristics of anodized surfaces, Aluminum alloys, thermal and mechanical properties, Aluminium brass, Ambrose-Walton corresponding states method, for vapour pressure, Amides: Amines: Ammonia: tert-Amyl alcohol: Analogy between heat and mass and momentum transfer Analytical solution of groups, for calculation of thermodynamic Anelasticity, Angled tubes, use in increasing flooding rate in reflux condensation, Aniline: Anisotropy of elastic properties, Annular distributor in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Annular ducts: Annular (radial) fins, efficiency Annular flow (gas-liquid): Annular flow (liquid-liquid), Annular flow (liquid-liquid-gas), Anti-foulants, Antoine equation, for vapour pressure, Aqueous solutions, as heat transfer media, Arc welding of tubes into tube sheets: Archimedes number, Area of tube outside surface in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Argon: Arithmetic mean temperature difference, definition, Armstrong, Robert C Aromatics: ASME VIII code, for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Assisted convection: Attachment, of fouling layers, Augmentation of heat transfer
Augmentation of Heat Transfer Condensation Enhancement Augmentation of Boiling and Evaporation active systems for: entropy generation in, in boiling, in condensation, in kettle reboilers, in microfluidic systems, nanoparticles for, passive systems for: phase change materials for, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers using low finned tubes, system impact of,
Austenitic stainless steels, Average phase velocity in multiphase flows, Axial flow reboilers, Axial wire attachments, for augmentation of condensation, Azeotropes, condensation of
B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A Augmentation of heat transfer
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Augmentation of Heat Transfer

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000178

2.5.11 Augmentation of heat transfer

D. A. Reay and A. E. Bergles

A. Introduction

This Section considers techniques for augmenting single-phase heat transfer in heat exchangers and miscellaneous heat transfer equipment. The previous version of this section was issued as part of the first Edition of HEDH in 1983. Though much of the theoretical basis of the topic remains unchanged since the previous version, there have been extensive further studies of heat transfer enhancement reflecting the growth of interest in two areas which rely essentially upon enhancement methods. These are process intensification and microfluidics. Some aspects of both of these are considered below, as they might be applied to heat exchanger enhancement. Another difference compared to earlier documentation of enhancement is the introduction of nano-particles into fluids — and some claim that this enhances convective heat transfer in liquid flows.

The scope covers single phase heat transfer in gases and liquids. It also includes one aspect that some may consider broaches the boundary with two-phase heat transfer, but is one in which it is believed that enhancement in both phases occurs and is critical to successful plant operation — namely enhancement of heat transfer in solid-liquid phase-change media. If we a generous in our definitions, it might be included in the same category as a fluidised bed, which was considered in earlier Editions.

Heat transfer augmentation, synonymous with "enhancement" (which will be the term principally used here) and "intensification" — now, when linked with processes, becoming a major player in the search for more acceptable industrial unit operations, means an increase in the heat transfer coefficient. There are many ways of doing this, covering both single- and two-phase heat transfer and impinging in many instances on mass transfer — most of course involve moving mass, if not changing the phase of the mass! The main types of enhancement are briefly described below.

B. Classification of enhancement techniques

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