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Boiling of Binary and Multicomponent Mixture: Basic Processes
sizing of active,
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Nahme-Griffith number, Nakashima, CY Nanoparticles, for heat transfer augmentation, Naphthalene: Napthenes: National practice, in mechanical design, guide to, Natural convection: Natural draft cooling towers: Natural frequency of tube vibration in heat exchangers, Navier-Stokes equation, Neon: Neopentane: Net free area, in double-pipe heat exchangers, Netherlands, guide to national mechanical design practice, Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of, Neumann boundary conditions, finite difference method, Nickel, thermal and mechanical properties Nickel alloys, Nickel steels, Niessen, R, Nitric oxide: Nitriles: Nitrobenzene: Nitro derivatives: Nitroethane: Nitrogen: Nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen peroxide: Nitromethane: m-Nitrotoluene: Nitrous oxide Noise: Nonadecane: Nonadecene: Nonane: Nonene: Nonanol: Nonaqueous fluids, critical heat flux in, Non-circular microchannels: Noncondensables: Nondestructive testing, of heat exchangers Nongray media, interaction phenomena with, Nonmetallic materials: Non-Newtonian flow: Nonparticipating media, radiation interaction in, Nonuniform heat flux, critical heat flux with, Non-wetting surfaces, in condensation augmentation, North, C, No-tubes-in-window shells, calculation of heat transfer and pressure drop in, Nozzles: Nowell, D G, Nucleate boiling: Nuclear industry, fouling problems in, Nucleation: Nucleation sites:
critical size for nucleation: in pool boiling, size in binary mixtures,
Boiling of Binary and Multicomponent Mixture: Basic Processes
sizing of active,
Nuclei, formation in supersaturated vapor, Number of transfer units (NTU): Numerical methods: Nusselt: Nusselt-Graetz problem, in laminar heat transfer in ducts, Nusselt number:
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
N Nucleation sites: size in binary mixtures,
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Boiling of Binary and Multicomponent Mixture: Basic Processes

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000196

2.7 BOILING AND EVAPORATION
2.7.6 Boiling of binary and multicomponent mixtures: Basic processes

J. G. Collier and G. F. Hewitt

Section 191, Section 192, Section 193, Section 194 and Section 195 discuss the behavior of pure single-component fluids during evaporation. However, in the chemical and petroleum industries in particular, many processes involve the evaporation (and condensation) of binary (n = 2) and multicomponent (n > 2) mixtures, where n is the number of components. There are thermodynamic advantages, also, in using mixtures of refrigerants which evaporate and condense over a range of temperatures. In the boiling of binary and multicomponent mixtures, the heat transfer and the mass transfer processes are closely linked, with the evaporation rate often being limited by the mass transfer processes. This is significantly different from single-component systems, where interfacial mass transfer rates are normally very high.

In this section the differences to be expected in the basic physical processes will be considered. This will lead to a presentation of the available information on pool boiling of mixtures (Section 197). Finally, the problems of predicting heat transfer rates in forced convective evaporation of mixtures will be examined (Section 198). Starting with the early work of Bonilla and Perry (1941) and Cichelli and Bonilla (1944), a considerable body of published information on pool boiling of biliary mixtures has been built up. There is less information on forced convective evaporation though recent work has revealed some surprising features.

A. Elementary phase equilibrium

(a) Binary systems

If we consider a mixture of vapours consisting of components A and B which has a total pressure  p then we can regard this pressure as being made up of partial pressures  pA and  pB such that  p =  pA +  pB. Strictly speaking, the concept of partial pressure applies only to ideal vapour mixtures where the partial pressure pi, related to the mole fraction ỹi, of the ith component in the mixture. Thus:

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