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Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow, Balance equation (applied to complete equipment), Band dryer: Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes, Basket-type evaporator, Barbosa, J R Jr, Bateman, G, Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of, Bayonet tube evaporators, Beaton, C F, Beer-Lambert law, Bejan, A, Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation, Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers, Bends: Benzaldehyde: Benzene: Benzoic acid: Benzonitrile: Benzophenone: Benzyl alcohol: Benzyl chloride: Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface, Bergles, Arthur E, Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders, Bimetallic tubes: Binary mixtures: Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian), Biofouling, Biot number: Biphenyl: Bismarck A, Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by, Black surface: Blackbody radiation, Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers, Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation, Blasius equation for friction factor, Blenkin, R, Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for, Boilers: Boiling: Boiling curve: Boiling length: Boiling number, definition, Boiling point, normal, Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures): Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes, Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in, Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger, Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in, Bolting, Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Boltzmann's constant, Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Borishanski, V M, Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling, Bott, T R, Boundary layer: Boussinesq approximations: Boussinesq number, definition, Bowring correlations for critical heat flux, Bracket supports for heat exchangers: Brauner, N, Brazed plate exchanger, Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction, Bricks, drying of, Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation, Brinkman number, Brittle fracture, Bromine: Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders, Bromobenzene: Bromoethane: Bromomethane: Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1): Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation, BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500), Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux, Bubble flow: Bubbles: Bulk viscosity, Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers, Bundle layout, in condensers Buoyancy effects: Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with, Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations, 1,2-Butadiene: 1,3-Butadiene: Butane: 1-Butanol: 2-Butanol: Butene-1: cis-2-Butene: trans-2-Butene: Butterworth, D, Butyl acetate: t-Butyl alcohol: Butylamine: Butylbenzene: n-Butylbenzene: n-Butylcyclohexane: Butylcyclopentane: Butylene oxide: Butyr-aldehyde: Butyric acid: Butyronitrile: Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Boiling of Binary and Multicomponent Mixtures: Forced Convection Boiling

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000198

2.7 BOILING AND EVAPORATION
2.7.8 Boiling of binary and multicomponent mixtures: Forced convection boiling

The published literature on forced convection vaporization of mixtures is much more limited than that for pool boiling of mixtures. However, there is growing interest in the subject and useful reviews are given by Collier and Thome (1994), Fujita and Tsutsui (1997), Carey (1992) and Kandlbinder (1997). One of the earliest published studies is that of McAdams et al. (1942), who in 1940 carried out experiments using a four-pass horizontal-tube evaporator heated by steam. Each pass had three separate steam jackets to allow the local heat flux to be measured. The fluid was a benzene-oil mixture. Bulk fluid temperatures were found to increase throughout the saturated boiling length as the liquid became richer in oil. Thus, some of the heat transferred to the liquid was retained in the form of sensible heat to maintain the fluid at saturation conditions and was not available for evaporation. Average boiling heat transfer coefficients were calculated for each pass where boiling occurred in all three jackets. At a given vapor mass quality, the coefficient decreased as the oil content of the feed increased.

A number of workers [Bonnet and Gerster (1951); Shellene et al. (1968)] have studied the performance of complete reboilers. but such studies cannot provide information on the local conditions in the evaporating stream.

A. Saturated nucleate boiling

Saturated nucleate boiling will be influenced by the addition of a second component in the same qualitative manner as nucleate pool boiling (Section 197). Thus, where the heat transfer is dominated by nucleate boiling, reductions in the heat transfer coefficient may occur, as in the case of pool boiling, and can be estimated using the methodologies described in Section 197. Results in this category include those of Müller-Steinhagen and Jamialahmadi (1996), Fujita and Tsutsui (1996), Celata et al. (1996) and Steiner (1996). Typical results of this kind are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Variation of heat transfer coefficient with composition in forced convective boiling of R134a/R123 mixtures (Fujita and Tsutsui, 1996)

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