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Taborek, J, xlv-lvi
Taitel and Dukler flow regime map, for horizontal and inclined gas- liquid flows,
Tamura et al correlation, for surface tension of mixtures,
Taylor Forge method, for mechanical design of flanges, comparison with EN13445 method,
Taylor series expansion,
Teflon, use in heat transfer enhancement:
TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association):
Temperature distribution:
Tenders for heat exchangers,
Terminal free fall velocity, in fluidization,
Testing and inspection of heat exchangers:
Tetrabromomethane:
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane:
Tetrachloroethylene:
Tetradecane:
Tetradecene:
Tetrachlorodifluoroethane (Refrigerant 112):
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant R134a):
Tetrafluoromethane (Refrigerant 14):
Tetrahydrofuran:
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene:
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene:
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene:
Thermal conductivity:
Thermal contact conductance (TCC),
Thermal contact resistance (TCR),
Thermal design, constructional features affecting, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers
Thermal diffusivity:
Thermal expansion coefficient:
Thermal leakage in F-type shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Thermal mixing in plate heat exchangers,
Thermal stress:
Thermocal, heat transfer media,
Thermodynamic cycles in refrigeration,
Thermodynamic properties:
Thermodynamic surface in radiative heat transfer,
Thermoexel surface, for enhancement of boiling,
Thermofluids, heat transfer medium,
Thermosiphon
Theta-NTU method:
Thickness of boundary layers (displacement, momentum, energy, density, temperature),
Thin-wall-type expansion bellows,
Thiophene:
Thome, J R
Three-phase flows:
Tie rods in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tinker method for shell-side heat transfer in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Titanium and titanium alloys,
T-junctions, loss coefficients in,
Tolerances
Toluene:
m-Toluidine:
Tong F-factor method, for critical heat flux with nonuniform heating,
Tooth, A S,
Total emissivity in gases,
Transcendental equations in transient conduction,
Transient behavior:
Transition boiling:
Transition flow, heat transfer in free convective flow over vertical surfaces in,
Transitional flow, in combined free and forced convection,
Transmission of thermal radiation in solids:
Transmissivity of solids:
Transport properties:
Transverse flow, combined free and forced convection in,
Treated surfaces, for augmentation of heat transfer,
Triangular duct:
Triangular fins, in plate fin exchangers,
Triangular relationship, in annular gas-liquid flow,
Tribromomethane:
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Refrigerant 140a):
Trichloroethylene:
Trichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant 11)
Trichloromethane (Chloroform) (Refrigerant 20):
1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Refrigerant 113):
Tridecane:
Tridecene:
Triethylamine:
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (Refrigerant 143a):
Trifluoromethane (Refrigerant 23):
Trimethylamine:
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene:
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene:
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene:
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane):
Triphenylmethane:
Triple interface (gas/solid/liquid),
True temperature difference, in double pipe exchangers,
Truelove, J S,
Tsotsas, E
Tube-baffle damage, in heat exchangers,
Tube banks, finned:
Tube banks, plain:
Tube banks, roughened tubes, effect of roughness on Euler number in,
Tube bundles:
Tube counts, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Tube end attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tube inserts, heat exchangers with,
Tube-in-plate extended surface configurations, fin efficiency of,
Tube plates, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Tube rupture in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tube-to-tubesheet attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tubes:
Tucker, R J,
Tunnel dryer,
Turbine exhaust condensers:
Turbines, lost work in
Turbulence:
Turbulent boundary layers:
Turbulent buffeting, as source of tube vibration,
Turbulent energy, integral equation for,
Turbulent flow:
Turnarounds, in heat exchangers,
Turner, C W,
Twisted tapes:
Twisted tube heat exchangers,
Twisted tubes
Two-equation models, for turbulent boundary layers,
Two-phase loop with capillary pump,
Two-phase flows:
Index
HEDH
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
Taborek, J, xlv-lvi
Taitel and Dukler flow regime map, for horizontal and inclined gas- liquid flows,
Tamura et al correlation, for surface tension of mixtures,
Taylor Forge method, for mechanical design of flanges, comparison with EN13445 method,
Taylor series expansion,
Teflon, use in heat transfer enhancement:
TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association):
Temperature distribution:
Tenders for heat exchangers,
Terminal free fall velocity, in fluidization,
Testing and inspection of heat exchangers:
Tetrabromomethane:
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane:
Tetrachloroethylene:
Tetradecane:
Tetradecene:
Tetrachlorodifluoroethane (Refrigerant 112):
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant R134a):
Tetrafluoromethane (Refrigerant 14):
Tetrahydrofuran:
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene:
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene:
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene:
Thermal conductivity:
Thermal contact conductance (TCC),
Thermal contact resistance (TCR),
Thermal design, constructional features affecting, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers
Thermal diffusivity:
Thermal expansion coefficient:
Thermal leakage in F-type shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Thermal mixing in plate heat exchangers,
Thermal stress:
Thermocal, heat transfer media,
Thermodynamic cycles in refrigeration,
Thermodynamic properties:
Thermodynamic surface in radiative heat transfer,
Thermoexel surface, for enhancement of boiling,
Thermofluids, heat transfer medium,
Thermosiphon
Theta-NTU method:
Thickness of boundary layers (displacement, momentum, energy, density, temperature),
Thin-wall-type expansion bellows,
Thiophene:
Thome, J R
Three-phase flows:
Tie rods in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tinker method for shell-side heat transfer in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Titanium and titanium alloys,
T-junctions, loss coefficients in,
Tolerances
Toluene:
m-Toluidine:
Tong F-factor method, for critical heat flux with nonuniform heating,
Tooth, A S,
Total emissivity in gases,
Transcendental equations in transient conduction,
Transient behavior:
Transition boiling:
Transition flow, heat transfer in free convective flow over vertical surfaces in,
Transitional flow, in combined free and forced convection,
Transmission of thermal radiation in solids:
Transmissivity of solids:
Transport properties:
Transverse flow, combined free and forced convection in,
Treated surfaces, for augmentation of heat transfer,
Triangular duct:
Triangular fins, in plate fin exchangers,
Triangular relationship, in annular gas-liquid flow,
Tribromomethane:
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Refrigerant 140a):
Trichloroethylene:
Trichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant 11)
Trichloromethane (Chloroform) (Refrigerant 20):
1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Refrigerant 113):
Tridecane:
Tridecene:
Triethylamine:
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (Refrigerant 143a):
Trifluoromethane (Refrigerant 23):
Trimethylamine:
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene:
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene:
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene:
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane):
Triphenylmethane:
Triple interface (gas/solid/liquid),
True temperature difference, in double pipe exchangers,
Truelove, J S,
Tsotsas, E
Tube-baffle damage, in heat exchangers,
Tube banks, finned:
Tube banks, plain:
Tube banks, roughened tubes, effect of roughness on Euler number in,
Tube bundles:
Tube counts, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Tube end attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tube inserts, heat exchangers with,
Tube-in-plate extended surface configurations, fin efficiency of,
Tube plates, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Tube rupture in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tube-to-tubesheet attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tubes:
Tucker, R J,
Tunnel dryer,
Turbine exhaust condensers:
Turbines, lost work in
Turbulence:
Turbulent boundary layers:
Turbulent buffeting, as source of tube vibration,
Turbulent energy, integral equation for,
Turbulent flow:
Turnarounds, in heat exchangers,
Turner, C W,
Twisted tapes:
Twisted tube heat exchangers,
Twisted tubes
Two-equation models, for turbulent boundary layers,
Two-phase loop with capillary pump,
Two-phase flows:
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
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Input Data and Recommended Practices
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000251
3.3.5 Input data and recommended practices
J. Taborek
In this section we deal with three subjects:
- The basic set of input data as required for shell-side rating calculations, but also including those required for design of the overall exchanger, that is, including tube-side flow. These are presented in Table 1.
- Detailed comments to the input data, to give guidance to the designer as to proper practices and standards.
- Preliminary calculations of correlational parameters derived from the input data, as required for subsequent calculations.
Table 1 Input data required for rating of segmentally baffled shell-and-tube exchangers
| Item | Symbol | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shell-side geometry data | |||
| Tube and tube layout | |||
| 1 | Ds | mm | Inside shell diameter |
| 2 | Dt | mm | Tube outside diameter |
| 3 | Ltw | mm | Tube wall thickness |
| 4 | Dti | mm | Inside tube diameter |
| 5 | λtw | W/m K | Tube wall material thermal conductivity |
| 6 | Ltp | mm | Tube layout pitch |
| 7 | θtp | deg | Tube layout characteristic angle |
| Tube length (Refer to Figure 2) | |||
| 8 | Lto | mm | Overall nominal tube length |
| 9 | Lti | mm | Baffled tube length |
| 10 | Lta | mm | Effective tube length for heat transfer area |
| Baffle geometry (Figure 7) | |||
| 11 | Bc | % | Baffle cut as percent of Ds |
| 12 | Lbc | mm | Central baffle spacing |
| 13a | Lbi | mm | Inlet baffle spacing (optional) |
| 13b | Lbo | mm | Outlet baffle spacing (optional) |
| Nozzle | |||
| 14 | CN | code | Shell-side nozzle, impingement protection, annular distributor |
| Tube bundle geometry | |||
| 15 | Ntt | Total number of tubes or holes in tubesheet for U-tubes | |
| 16 | Ntp | Number of tube passes | |
| 17 | Nss | Number of sealing strips (pairs) | |
| 18 | CB | code | Tube bundle type (FX, UT, SRFH, PFH, PTFH) |
| 19 | Ltb | mm | Tube OD (Dt)-to-baffle hole clearance (diametral), Figure 12 |
| 20 | Lsb | mm | Inside shell-to-baffle clearance (diametral), Figure 13 |
| 21 | Lbb | mm | Inside shell-to-tube bundle bypass clearance (diametral), Figure 14 |
| Temperatures | |||
| 22 | Tsi | °C | Shell-side temperature inlet |
| 23 | Tso | °C | Shell-side temperature outlet |
| 24 | Tti | °C | Tube-side temperature inlet |
| 25 | Tto | °C | Tube-side temperature outlet |
| Shell-side process information | |||
| 26 | Ṁs | kg/s | Shell fluid mass flow rate |
| At shell fluid mean temperature | |||
| 27 | ρs | kg/m3 | Density |
| 28 | λs | W/m K | Thermal conductivity |
| 29 | (cp)s | J/kg K | Specific heat |
| 30 | ηs | cP = mPa/s | Dynamic viscosity (may require two values) |
| 31 | Rf,o | mK/W | Shell-side fouling resistance (referred to shell-side surface) |
| Tube-side process information | |||
| 32 | Ṁt | kg/s | Tube fluid mass flow rate |
| At tube fluid mean temperature | |||
| 33 | ρt | kg/m3 | Density |
| 34 | λt | W/m K | Thermal conductivity |
| 35 | (cp)t | J/kg K | Specific heat |
| 36 | ηt | cP = mPa/s | Dynamic viscosity (may require two values) |
| 37 | Rf,i | m K/W | Tube-side fouling resistance (referred to inside tube surface) |
| Special information | |||
| 38 | αs | W/m2 K | Shell-side heat transfer coefficient; if specified, omit items as shown in comments |
| 39 | αt | W/m2 K | Tube-side heat transfer coefficient; if specified, omit items as shown in comments |
| 40 | (Δps)max | kPa | Maximum permissible pressure drop, shell side |
| 41 | (Δpt)max | kPa | Maximum permissible pressure drop, tube side |
| 42 | (vt)max | m/s | Maximum permissible tube-side flow velocity (optional) |
| 43 | (vt)min | m/s | Minimum acceptable tube-side flow velocity (optional) |
A. Basic input data
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