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Hagen-Poiseuille law Hagen-Rubens relation, between electrical and optical constants, Hall Taylor, N S, Halogenated hydrocarbons: Handley and Heggs equation for fixed bed pressure drop, Hankinson and Thomson method, for liquid density: Hardening (precipative) of stainless steels, Hardwick, R, Harris, D, Hausen equation for developing laminar flow, Hays, G F Headers in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Heads, in heat exchangers: Heat and mass transfer: Heat exchanger design, introduction, Heat exchangers: Heat of vaporisation (see Enthalpy of vaporisation), of pure substances Heat pipes: Heat pumping, relation to heat exchanger network design, Heat storage (see Regenerators and thermal energy storage) entropy generation in, Heat transfer: Heat transfer coefficient: Heat transfer media, Heat transfer salt, Heat transfer regimes: Heat of vaporization, Heated cavity reflectometer, Heating media, for reboilers, Heavy water, physical properties of, Heggs, P J, Helical coils of circular cross section: Helical coils of rectangular cross section, Helical inserts, for enhancement of heat transfer in boiling, Helium: Helmholtz reciprocity principle, in radiative heat transfer, Henry, J A R, Henry-Fauske model, for critical two-phase flow, Henry's law, for partial pressure, Heptadecane: Heptadecene: Heptane: 1-Heptanol: 1-Heptene: Herman, K W, Hermes, C L L, Heterogeneous conveyance in horizontal pipes, Heterogeneous nucleation in boiling, Hewitt, G F Hexachloroethane (Refrigerant 116): Hexacyclopentane, superheated vapor properties, Hexadecane: Hexadecene: 1,5-Hexadiene: Hexagonal cells, in free convection, Hexamethylbenzene: Hexane: Hexanoic acid: 1-Hexanol: 1-Hexene: Hexylbenzene: Hexylcyclohexane: Hexylcyclopentane, Hicks equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop, High pressure closures, ASME VIII code guidance for, High-chrome steels, thermal and mechanical properties, High-finned tubes, correlations for single-phase heat transfer in flow over, Hills, P D Hohlraum cavity, Holdup, in liquid-liquid flow, Holland, guide to national practice for mechanical design of heat exchangers, Homogeneous condensation (fog formation), Homogeneous model: Homogeneous nucleation: Honeycombs: Hopkins, D, Horizontal condensers: Horizontal cylinders: Horizontal layers, of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Horizontal pipes: Horizontal shell-side evaporator, Horizontal surfaces: Horizontal thermosiphon reboilers: Horizontal tube-side evaporator, Horizontal tubes: Hottel's rule, in absorption of radiation by gases, Hsu criterion, for onset of nucleate boiling, Hybrid cooling towers, Hydraulic conveyance: Hydraulic expansion, of tubes into tube sheets in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hydraulic turbine, lost work in, Hydraulic resistance, in flow of supercritical fluids, Hydraulically smooth surface, Hydrazine: Hydrocarbons: Hydrodynamic entrance length, in single-phase flow in ducts, Hydrogen: Hydrogen bromide: Hydrogen chloride: Hydrogen cyanide: Hydrogen fluoride: Hydrogen iodide: Hydrogen peroxide: Hydrogen sulfide: Hydrostatic testing of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hysteresis:
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Temperature Distributions and Radial Heat Transfer

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000312

3.10.3 Temperature distributions and radial heat transfer flux

Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically the variation of temperature of the fluid as it circulates around the heat pipe. Starting at the end of the condenser and following the direction of flow, the temperature of the liquid at the wall falls until the liquid reaches the exit from the condenser in the shielded section, the liquid temperature rises as a result of heat transfer from the vapor. In the evaporator, the liquid temperature rises quickly with heat transfer from the wall, until the liquid temperature is above the vapor temperature. As the pressure of the liquid in the evaporator is below that of the vapor, because of capillary forces, the saturation temperature of the liquid is below the vapor saturation temperature; thus in the evaporator the liquid is at a temperature above its saturation temperature. Boiling is suppressed because of surface tension forces on the nucleation sites, provided that the temperature difference over the wick is less than

\[\label{eq1}T_{wp}-T_{wv}=\frac{T_v}{\Delta h_v\rho_v}\left(\frac{2\sigma}{r_n}-\frac{2\sigma}{r_e}\right)\tag{1}\]

Figure 1 Fluid temperature distribution

Following now the vapor flow from the end of the evaporator, the temperature drops along the flow path with falling pressure and heat transfer to the liquid, a small part of the vapor condensing in certain circumstances, until the inlet to the condenser is reached. In the condensing section there can be a slight temperature recovery associated with the pressure rise in the vapor.

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