Navigation by alphabet
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow,
Balance equation (applied to complete equipment),
Band dryer:
Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes,
Basket-type evaporator,
Barbosa, J R Jr,
Bateman, G,
Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of,
Bayonet tube evaporators,
Beaton, C F,
Beer-Lambert law,
Bejan, A,
Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation,
Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers,
Bends:
Benzaldehyde:
Benzene:
Benzoic acid:
Benzonitrile:
Benzophenone:
Benzyl alcohol:
Benzyl chloride:
Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface,
Bergles, Arthur E,
Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders,
Bimetallic tubes:
Binary mixtures:
Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian),
Biofouling,
Biot number:
Biphenyl:
Bismarck A,
Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by,
Black surface:
Blackbody radiation,
Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers,
Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation,
Blasius equation for friction factor,
Blenkin, R,
Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for,
Boilers:
Boiling:
Boiling curve:
Boiling length:
Boiling number, definition,
Boiling point, normal,
Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures):
Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes,
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in,
Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in,
Bolting,
Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Boltzmann's constant,
Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Borishanski, V M,
Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling,
Bott, T R,
Boundary layer:
Boussinesq approximations:
Boussinesq number, definition,
Bowring correlations for critical heat flux,
Bracket supports for heat exchangers:
Brauner, N,
Brazed plate exchanger,
Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction,
Bricks, drying of,
Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation,
Brinkman number,
Brittle fracture,
Bromine:
Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders,
Bromobenzene:
Bromoethane:
Bromomethane:
Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1):
Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation,
BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500),
Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux,
Bubble flow:
Bubbles:
Bulk viscosity,
Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers,
Bundle layout, in condensers
Buoyancy effects:
Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with,
Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations,
1,2-Butadiene:
1,3-Butadiene:
Butane:
1-Butanol:
2-Butanol:
Butene-1:
cis-2-Butene:
trans-2-Butene:
Butterworth, D,
Butyl acetate:
t-Butyl alcohol:
Butylamine:
Butylbenzene:
n-Butylbenzene:
n-Butylcyclohexane:
Butylcyclopentane:
Butylene oxide:
Butyr-aldehyde:
Butyric acid:
Butyronitrile:
Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
Index
HEDH
A
B
Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow,
Balance equation (applied to complete equipment),
Band dryer:
Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes,
Basket-type evaporator,
Barbosa, J R Jr,
Bateman, G,
Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of,
Bayonet tube evaporators,
Beaton, C F,
Beer-Lambert law,
Bejan, A,
Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation,
Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers,
Bends:
Benzaldehyde:
Benzene:
Benzoic acid:
Benzonitrile:
Benzophenone:
Benzyl alcohol:
Benzyl chloride:
Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface,
Bergles, Arthur E,
Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders,
Bimetallic tubes:
Binary mixtures:
Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian),
Biofouling,
Biot number:
Biphenyl:
Bismarck A,
Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by,
Black surface:
Blackbody radiation,
Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers,
Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation,
Blasius equation for friction factor,
Blenkin, R,
Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for,
Boilers:
Boiling:
Boiling curve:
Boiling length:
Boiling number, definition,
Boiling point, normal,
Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures):
Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes,
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in,
Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in,
Bolting,
Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Boltzmann's constant,
Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Borishanski, V M,
Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling,
Bott, T R,
Boundary layer:
Boussinesq approximations:
Boussinesq number, definition,
Bowring correlations for critical heat flux,
Bracket supports for heat exchangers:
Brauner, N,
Brazed plate exchanger,
Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction,
Bricks, drying of,
Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation,
Brinkman number,
Brittle fracture,
Bromine:
Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders,
Bromobenzene:
Bromoethane:
Bromomethane:
Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1):
Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation,
BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500),
Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux,
Bubble flow:
Bubbles:
Bulk viscosity,
Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers,
Bundle layout, in condensers
Buoyancy effects:
Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with,
Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations,
1,2-Butadiene:
1,3-Butadiene:
Butane:
1-Butanol:
2-Butanol:
Butene-1:
cis-2-Butene:
trans-2-Butene:
Butterworth, D,
Butyl acetate:
t-Butyl alcohol:
Butylamine:
Butylbenzene:
n-Butylbenzene:
n-Butylcyclohexane:
Butylcyclopentane:
Butylene oxide:
Butyr-aldehyde:
Butyric acid:
Butyronitrile:
Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Download the citation in the EndNote formatOpen in a new tab.
Download the citation in the RefWorks formatOpen in a new tab.
Download the citation in the BibTex formatOpen in a new tab.
Classification and Selection
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000331
3.13.2 Classification and selection
Ernst U. Schlünder
Among the various requirements that determine the design concept of a dryer, the transportation of the product through the dryer may be very important, since it is closely related to the residence time. Second, the initial state of the product (liquid, paste, solid, powder, granular, sheet, etc.) also influences the design concept to a great extent. Therefore a matrix is presented in Table 1 that correlates the residence time and the initial state of the product (liquid to solid).
Table 1 Classification of dryers with respect to the physical state of the product and the residence time of the product in the dryer
| Residence Time | Wet, moist material | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liquid | Paste | Solid | ||||
| Powdery | Granular | Clumpy | Sheet | |||
| Short (< 1 min) | Spray dryer | Spray dryer | Flash dryer | Flash dryer | Flash dryer | Cylindrical dryer |
| Drum dryer | Drum dryer | Grinding dryer | (Grinding dryer) | |||
| (Agitated film dryer) | (Agitated film dryer) | |||||
| Moderate (1 min–1 h) | Screw conveyer dryer | Continuous band dryer | Continuous band dryer | |||
| Paddle dryer | Roto louver dryer | |||||
| Horizontal cylindrical dryer | Vibrating dryer | |||||
| (Kneading dryer) | Kneading dryer | |||||
| Vibrating dryer | Fluidized-bed dryer | |||||
| Rotating shelf dryer | Rotating shelf dryer | Rotating shelf dryer | Rotating shelf dryer | |||
| Pan dryer | ||||||
| Plate dryer | ||||||
| (Paddle dryer) | Paddle dryer | Paddle dryer | ||||
| Horizontal cylindrical dryer | Horizontal cylindrical dryer | Horizontal cylindrical dryer | ||||
| Steam-tube rotary dryer | Steam-tube rotary dryer | |||||
| Rotary dryer (with lifters) | Rotary dryer (with lifters) | Rotary dryer (with lifters) | ||||
| Long (> 1h) | Tray dryer | Tray dryer | Tray dryer | Tray dryer | ||
| Truck dryer | Truck dryer | Truck dryer | Truck dryer | |||
| Tunnel dryer | Tunnel dryer | Tunnel dryer | Tunnel dryer | |||
| Continuous band dryer | ||||||
A brief description of various types of dryers, including some indication of the specific energy consumption per kilogram of evaporated water, is also given in Table 2.
Table 2 Capacity and energy consumption for various types of dryers
| a Figure 1 – Figure 15 show more or less schematically the design of the various types of dryers in common use. | |||
| Figure a | Type | Evaporation rate, kg H2O/h per m2 or per m3 | Energy consumption, kJ/kg evaporated H2O |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Drying loft | 20/m2 | 5,000–6,000 |
| 2 | Compartment dryer (normal pressure) | 0.1–15/m2 | 5,000–13,000 |
| 3 | Compartment dryer (vacuum) | 0.1–1/m2 | 3,000–5,000 |
| 4 | Tunnel dryer | 5,500–6,500 | |
| 5 | Band dryer | 4,000–6,000 | |
| 6 | Jet impingement dryer | 50/m2 | 5,000–7,000 |
| 7 | Shelf dryer | 4–8/m2 | 3,500–9,000 |
| 8 | Rotary dryer | 30–80/m3 | 4,600–9,200 |
| 9 | Centrifugal dryer | 90/m3 | 3,000–4,000 |
| 10 | Fluidized-bed dryer | ||
| 11 | Pneumatic bed dryer | Particle diameter dp = 0.5 mm: 100/m3 dp = 1 mm: 20/m3 dp = 5 mm: 4/m3 | 4,600–9,200 |
| 12 | Spiral-tube dryer | 500/m3 | 3,500 |
| 13 | Spray dryer | 1–50/m3 | 4,600–11,500 |
| 14 | Drum dryer for pasty materials | 7–25/m2 | 3,200–6,500 |
| 15 | Holoflite dryer | 5–15/m2 (0.5–2.5 low moisture content) | 3,700–6,500 |
... You need a subscriptionOpen in a new tab. to view the full text of the article. If you already have the subscription, please login here
© 2024 by Begell House, Inc.