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Rabas and Taborek correlation, for heat transfer in banks of low fin tubes, Rackett equation (modified) for liquid density Radiation: Radiation shields, in radiation heat transfer, Radiation source analysis, Radiative heat transfer: Radiators, automotive, construction, Radiometers, application in gas radiation property measurement, Radiosity, Stephan's law for, Radiosity-irradiation formulations in radiative heat transfer, Rankine cycle in refrigeration, Rao, B K Raoult's law for partial pressure, Rating of heat exchangers, Rayleigh instability, in free convection, Rayleigh number Reay, D Reboilers: Reciprocal mode integrating sphere, for reflection and transmission measurements in radiation, Rectangles: Rectangular ducts: Rectangular enclosures, free convective heat transfer in: Rectangular fins, for plate fin exchangers Reduced pressure, correlations for pool boiling using, Reference temperature: Refinery processes, fouling in, Reflection, of thermal radiation, from solid surfaces: Reflectivity, of solid surfaces, Reflectometer, heated cavity, Reflux condensers, Refractories, density of, Refractory surfaces, Refrigerants: Refrigerant 11 (Trichlorofluoromethane): Refrigerant 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane): Refrigerant 13 (Chlorotrifluoromethane): Refrigerant 21 (Dichlorofluoromethane): Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane): Refrigerant 116: Refrigerant plant, entropy generation in, Refrigeration, heat transfer in, Regenerators and thermal energy storage, Regimes of heat transfer, in ducts, single phase flow, Reidel method, for predicting enthalpy of vaporisation, Reinforcing rings, for expansion bellows, Relaminarization, of turbulent flow, Reichenberg method, for effect of pressure on gas viscosity, Relief system design for shell-and-tube heat exchangers with tube side failure, Removal of fouling deposits: Renewable fuels, properties of, Renotherm, heat transfer medium, Repair, of expansion bellows, Residence times, in dryers: Resistance network analysis, Resistance (thermal) due to fouling: Reversible (minimum) work, in Reynolds number, Reynolds stress models, for turbulence, Rheologically complex materials, properties of: Rheological properties of drag reducing agents Rheology, shear flow experiments used in, Rhine, J M, Ribatski, G, Riblets for drag reduction, Richardson number, Richie, J M, Ring cells, in free convection, RODbaffles, in tube bundles with longitudinal flow, Rod bundles: Rohsenow correlation, for nucleate boiling, Roll cells, in free convection, Roller expansion, of tubes into tube sheets, Rose, J W, Rossby number, Rotary dryer, Rotating drums, heat transfer to particle bed in, Rotating surface, in an annular duct Rotation, as device for heat transfer augmentation, Roughness, surface: Rough walled passages, radiative heat transfer down, Rubber (sponge) balls, in fouling mitigation, Ryznar index for water quality,
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Mechanical vapour compression cycles

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000399

3.26.3 Mechanical vapour compression cycles

A. The single stage vapour compression cycle

The pressure - specific enthalpy (p-h) diagram is the mostly used thermodynamic diagram in refrigeration because of its practical appeal. Pressure, due to its association with the saturation temperatures of the refrigerant in the evaporator and condenser, is the property that characterizes the nature of the application of the refrigeration cycle (refrigerant type, domestic, commercial, industrial etc.). Enthalpy, on the other hand, appears in all energy balances in components and control volumes within the cycle. Figure 1(a) illustrates a Single Stage Standard Refrigeration cycle operating between the pressures pC and pE in the condenser and evaporator, respectively. The temperature differences between the refrigerant and the thermal reservoirs (cold refrigerated space, at TL, and warm external environment, at TH), are shown in Figure 1(b) to illustrate the external irrerversibilities associated with the transfer of heat across a finite temperature difference.

Figure 1 A Standard Refrigeration cycle depicted in p-h (a) and T-s (b) diagrams

The refrigerator COP of the cycle depicted in Figure 1 can be determined from steady-state energy balances in the evaporator and compressor (neglecting changes in kinetic and potential energy). Thus, it follows from Equation 398.3 that,

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