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G-type shells in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Gaddis, E S, Galerkin method, for heat conduction finite-element calculations, Galileo number, Gas-liquid flows: Gas-liquid-solid interfaces, fouling at, Gas-solid interfaces, fouling at, Gas tungsten arc welding, Gaseous fuels, properties of, Gases: Gaskets: Gauss-Seidel method, for solution of implicit equations, Geometric optics models for radiative heat transfer from surfaces, geothermal brines, fouling of heat exchangers by, Germany, Federal Republic of, mechanical design of heat exchangers in: Gersten, K, Girth flanges, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Glass production, furnaces and kilns for, Glycerol (glycerine): Gn (heat generation number), Gnielinski, V Gnielinski correlation, for heat transfer in tube banks, Gomez-Thodas method, for vapour pressure, Goodness factor, as a basis for comparison of plate fin heat exchanger surfaces, Goody narrow band model for gas radiation properties, Gorenflo correlation, for nucleate boiling, Gowenlock, R, Graetz number: Granular products, moving, heat transfer to, Graphite, density of, Grashof number Gravitational acceleration, effect in pool boiling, Gravity conveyor: Gregorig effect in enhancement of condensation, Grid baffles: Grid selection, for finite difference method, Griffin, J M, Groeneveld correlation for postdryout heat transfer, Groeneveld and Delorme correlation for postdryout heat transfer, Gross plastic deformation Group contribution parameters tables, Guerrieri and Talty correlations for forced convective heat transfer in two-phase flow, Gungor and Winterton correlation, for forced convective boiling, Gylys, J,

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G-type shells in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Gaddis, E S, Galerkin method, for heat conduction finite-element calculations, Galileo number, Gas-liquid flows: Gas-liquid-solid interfaces, fouling at, Gas-solid interfaces, fouling at, Gas tungsten arc welding, Gaseous fuels, properties of, Gases: Gaskets: Gauss-Seidel method, for solution of implicit equations, Geometric optics models for radiative heat transfer from surfaces, geothermal brines, fouling of heat exchangers by, Germany, Federal Republic of, mechanical design of heat exchangers in: Gersten, K, Girth flanges, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Glass production, furnaces and kilns for, Glycerol (glycerine): Gn (heat generation number), Gnielinski, V Gnielinski correlation, for heat transfer in tube banks, Gomez-Thodas method, for vapour pressure, Goodness factor, as a basis for comparison of plate fin heat exchanger surfaces, Goody narrow band model for gas radiation properties, Gorenflo correlation, for nucleate boiling, Gowenlock, R, Graetz number: Granular products, moving, heat transfer to, Graphite, density of, Grashof number Gravitational acceleration, effect in pool boiling, Gravity conveyor: Gregorig effect in enhancement of condensation, Grid baffles: Grid selection, for finite difference method, Griffin, J M, Groeneveld correlation for postdryout heat transfer, Groeneveld and Delorme correlation for postdryout heat transfer, Gross plastic deformation Group contribution parameters tables, Guerrieri and Talty correlations for forced convective heat transfer in two-phase flow, Gungor and Winterton correlation, for forced convective boiling, Gylys, J,
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Features Relating to Mechanical Design and Fabrication

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000417

4.2.6 Features relating to mechanical design and fabrication

A. Barrels

The shell barrel must be straight and have no out-of-roundness, as a tightly fitting tube bundle must be inserted into it. Most shell and head barrels greater than about 450 mm in inside diameter are rolled from plate, as shown in Figure 1, and a complete shell barrel may comprise several smaller barrels, or strakes, welded together end to end. If there is any out-of-roundness, individual strakes are rerolled after welding the longitudinal seams. The longitudinal seams of adjoining strakes are always staggered. The inside diameter of a rolled shell should not exceed the design inside diameter by more than 3.2 mm (1/8 in) as determined by circumferential measurement. All internal welds must be made flush.

Figure 1 Rolling a shell barrel. Courtesy of Whessoe Heavy Engineering Ltd.,Darlington,England

When welding large nozzles to the shell, "sinkage" may occur at the nozzle/shell junction and effective measures, such as the use of temporary stiffening, must be taken to avoid it. Sinkage reduces the shell diameter at the nozzle/shell junction so that the baffle diameter must be reduced accordingly. The increased clearance between baffle and shell may result in reduced thermal performance.

Standard pipe less than 450 mm in diameter is usually available, and this will be used for the shell and head barrels instead of rolled plate. Depending on the fabricator's roll capacity, at thicknesses of the order of 80 mm and greater, or large thickness/diameter ratios, it may be necessary to use forged instead of rolled barrels.

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