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Lamella heat exchangers, Laminar flow: Laminar flow control, of boundary layers, Lancaster, J F, Langelier index for water quality, Large eddy simulation, in prediction of turbulent boundary layers, Laws for turbulent flows: Layers of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Le Fevre equations for free convective heat transfer, Leakage between streams, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers Leakage effects, on heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Leaks, in heat exchanger, sealing by explosive welding, Lebedev, M E, Lee and Kesler equation, for vapour pressure, L-footed fins, Lessing rings, characteristic of, as packings for fixed beds, Li equation, for critical temperature of mixtures, Lienhard and Dhir analysis of critical heat flux in pool boiling, Lienhard and Eichhorn criterion, for transition in critical heat flux mechanism in crossflow over single tube, Lift force: Liley, P E, Limb, D, Limpet coils: Linnhoff, B, Liquefaction, exergy analysis of, Liquid fluidized beds, Liquid fuels, properties of, Liquid hold-up, Liquid-liquid-gas flow, Liquid-liquid flow, Liquid metals: Liquid sheets, in direct contact heat transfer, Liquid-solid interfaces, fouling at, Liquids: Lister, D H, Local conditions hypothesis, for critical heat flux in flow boiling, Lockhart and Martinelli correlations: Lodge's rubberlike liquid (non-Newtonian), Logarithmic law region, Logarithmic mean temperature difference Longitudinal flow and heat transfer in tube banks, Long-tube vertical evaporator, Loss coefficient, Lost work in unit operations/exergy analysis, Louvered fins, in plate fin exchangers, Low-alloy steels: Low-finned tubes: Low-nickel steels, Lubricants, physical properties: Lucas methods

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A B C D E F G H I J K L
Lamella heat exchangers, Laminar flow: Laminar flow control, of boundary layers, Lancaster, J F, Langelier index for water quality, Large eddy simulation, in prediction of turbulent boundary layers, Laws for turbulent flows: Layers of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Le Fevre equations for free convective heat transfer, Leakage between streams, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers Leakage effects, on heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Leaks, in heat exchanger, sealing by explosive welding, Lebedev, M E, Lee and Kesler equation, for vapour pressure, L-footed fins, Lessing rings, characteristic of, as packings for fixed beds, Li equation, for critical temperature of mixtures, Lienhard and Dhir analysis of critical heat flux in pool boiling, Lienhard and Eichhorn criterion, for transition in critical heat flux mechanism in crossflow over single tube, Lift force: Liley, P E, Limb, D, Limpet coils: Linnhoff, B, Liquefaction, exergy analysis of, Liquid fluidized beds, Liquid fuels, properties of, Liquid hold-up, Liquid-liquid-gas flow, Liquid-liquid flow, Liquid metals: Liquid sheets, in direct contact heat transfer, Liquid-solid interfaces, fouling at, Liquids: Lister, D H, Local conditions hypothesis, for critical heat flux in flow boiling, Lockhart and Martinelli correlations: Lodge's rubberlike liquid (non-Newtonian), Logarithmic law region, Logarithmic mean temperature difference Longitudinal flow and heat transfer in tube banks, Long-tube vertical evaporator, Loss coefficient, Lost work in unit operations/exergy analysis, Louvered fins, in plate fin exchangers, Low-alloy steels: Low-finned tubes: Low-nickel steels, Lubricants, physical properties: Lucas methods
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Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Design to EN13445

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000420

4.3 SHELL-AND-TUBE DESIGN CODES
4.3.3 Design to EN 13445

A. General

(a) Introduction

EN 13445 (European Committee for Standardisation, 2002) is a new pressure vessel code (in this case also a “standard”) written to go with the European Pressure Equipment Directive (Directive 97/22/EC, 1997) that came into full force on May 22 2002.

It was put together over a period of 10 years by CEN Technical Committee TC54. Various sub-committees, made up of members from the national delegations, looked after the individual parts. While it does not have behind it the history of the well known national codes it was written by those same experts who are responsible for maintaining the various national codes across Europe. Bringing together different points of view and insights has the obvious potential disadvantage of “lowest common denominator” writing, but it also makes it possible to bring together good new methods for all to use. In general the intention has been to include the best available methods in the new standard. The design section is notable for new methods based on limit analysis for a number of components, especially flanges and tubesheets.

As is usual with pressure vessel codes and standards, it is intended to “update” EN 13445 regularly. Errors will be discovered and more material will be added. As will be seen, there are some important gaps, notably in materials of construction.

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