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Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow,
Balance equation (applied to complete equipment),
Band dryer:
Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes,
Basket-type evaporator,
Barbosa, J R Jr,
Bateman, G,
Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of,
Bayonet tube evaporators,
Beaton, C F,
Beer-Lambert law,
Bejan, A,
Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation,
Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers,
Bends:
Benzaldehyde:
Benzene:
Benzoic acid:
Benzonitrile:
Benzophenone:
Benzyl alcohol:
Benzyl chloride:
Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface,
Bergles, Arthur E,
Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders,
Bimetallic tubes:
Binary mixtures:
Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian),
Biofouling,
Biot number:
Biphenyl:
Bismarck A,
Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by,
Black surface:
Blackbody radiation,
Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers,
Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation,
Blasius equation for friction factor,
Blenkin, R,
Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for,
Boilers:
Boiling:
Boiling curve:
Boiling length:
Boiling number, definition,
Boiling point, normal,
Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures):
Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes,
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in,
Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in,
Bolting,
Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Boltzmann's constant,
Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Borishanski, V M,
Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling,
Bott, T R,
Boundary layer:
Boussinesq approximations:
Boussinesq number, definition,
Bowring correlations for critical heat flux,
Bracket supports for heat exchangers:
Brauner, N,
Brazed plate exchanger,
Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction,
Bricks, drying of,
Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation,
Brinkman number,
Brittle fracture,
Bromine:
Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders,
Bromobenzene:
Bromoethane:
Bromomethane:
Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1):
Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation,
BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500),
Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux,
Bubble flow:
Bubbles:
Bulk viscosity,
Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers,
Bundle layout, in condensers
Buoyancy effects:
Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with,
Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations,
1,2-Butadiene:
1,3-Butadiene:
Butane:
1-Butanol:
2-Butanol:
Butene-1:
cis-2-Butene:
trans-2-Butene:
Butterworth, D,
Butyl acetate:
t-Butyl alcohol:
Butylamine:
Butylbenzene:
n-Butylbenzene:
n-Butylcyclohexane:
Butylcyclopentane:
Butylene oxide:
Butyr-aldehyde:
Butyric acid:
Butyronitrile:
Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
Index
HEDH
A
B
Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow,
Balance equation (applied to complete equipment),
Band dryer:
Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes,
Basket-type evaporator,
Barbosa, J R Jr,
Bateman, G,
Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of,
Bayonet tube evaporators,
Beaton, C F,
Beer-Lambert law,
Bejan, A,
Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation,
Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers,
Bends:
Benzaldehyde:
Benzene:
Benzoic acid:
Benzonitrile:
Benzophenone:
Benzyl alcohol:
Benzyl chloride:
Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface,
Bergles, Arthur E,
Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders,
Bimetallic tubes:
Binary mixtures:
Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian),
Biofouling,
Biot number:
Biphenyl:
Bismarck A,
Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by,
Black surface:
Blackbody radiation,
Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers,
Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation,
Blasius equation for friction factor,
Blenkin, R,
Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for,
Boilers:
Boiling:
Boiling curve:
Boiling length:
Boiling number, definition,
Boiling point, normal,
Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures):
Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes,
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in,
Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in,
Bolting,
Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Boltzmann's constant,
Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Borishanski, V M,
Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling,
Bott, T R,
Boundary layer:
Boussinesq approximations:
Boussinesq number, definition,
Bowring correlations for critical heat flux,
Bracket supports for heat exchangers:
Brauner, N,
Brazed plate exchanger,
Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction,
Bricks, drying of,
Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation,
Brinkman number,
Brittle fracture,
Bromine:
Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders,
Bromobenzene:
Bromoethane:
Bromomethane:
Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1):
Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation,
BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500),
Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux,
Bubble flow:
Bubbles:
Bulk viscosity,
Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers,
Bundle layout, in condensers
Buoyancy effects:
Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with,
Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations,
1,2-Butadiene:
1,3-Butadiene:
Butane:
1-Butanol:
2-Butanol:
Butene-1:
cis-2-Butene:
trans-2-Butene:
Butterworth, D,
Butyl acetate:
t-Butyl alcohol:
Butylamine:
Butylbenzene:
n-Butylbenzene:
n-Butylcyclohexane:
Butylcyclopentane:
Butylene oxide:
Butyr-aldehyde:
Butyric acid:
Butyronitrile:
Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
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Nozzle Loads
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000424
4.3 SHELL-AND-TUBE DESIGN CODES
4.3.7. Nozzle Loads
R. Blenkin
A. Introduction
Section 410, Section 419J, and Section 423I deal with various methods of nozzle reinforcement for pressure conditions. Section 419J also makes reference to British Standard 5500 (British Standards Institution, 1991) as the only code giving design rules for external loads on nozzles, and Section 404C briefly discusses the analytical basis. (However, many designers have also used the guidance given in Welding Research Council Bulletin 107 (K.R. Wichman et al., 1965) to establish stresses arising from nozzle loads).
Local loads on nozzles can arise from dead weight, pressure and thermal effects, and the geometry of the attached piping system. Loads may be normal or tangential to the shell, and bending and/or twisting moments may also be present.
In the following the scope of the approach in BS 5500 is reviewed, followed by a design example covering calculations for one of the nozzles of the heat exchanger described in Section 423 subject to arbitrary forces and moments. Symbols, nomenclature, etc. are in accordance with BS 5500 and are not defined in the text. Reference should be made to BS 5500, which must be available when studying this section.
B. Cylindrical shells
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