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Taborek, J, xlv-lvi
Taitel and Dukler flow regime map, for horizontal and inclined gas- liquid flows,
Tamura et al correlation, for surface tension of mixtures,
Taylor Forge method, for mechanical design of flanges, comparison with EN13445 method,
Taylor series expansion,
Teflon, use in heat transfer enhancement:
TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association):
Temperature distribution:
Tenders for heat exchangers,
Terminal free fall velocity, in fluidization,
Testing and inspection of heat exchangers:
Tetrabromomethane:
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane:
Tetrachloroethylene:
Tetradecane:
Tetradecene:
Tetrachlorodifluoroethane (Refrigerant 112):
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant R134a):
Tetrafluoromethane (Refrigerant 14):
Tetrahydrofuran:
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene:
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene:
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene:
Thermal conductivity:
Thermal contact conductance (TCC),
Thermal contact resistance (TCR),
Thermal design, constructional features affecting, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers
Thermal diffusivity:
Thermal expansion coefficient:
Thermal leakage in F-type shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Thermal mixing in plate heat exchangers,
Thermal stress:
Thermocal, heat transfer media,
Thermodynamic cycles in refrigeration,
Thermodynamic properties:
Thermodynamic surface in radiative heat transfer,
Thermoexel surface, for enhancement of boiling,
Thermofluids, heat transfer medium,
Thermosiphon
Theta-NTU method:
Thickness of boundary layers (displacement, momentum, energy, density, temperature),
Thin-wall-type expansion bellows,
Thiophene:
Thome, J R
Three-phase flows:
Tie rods in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tinker method for shell-side heat transfer in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Titanium and titanium alloys,
T-junctions, loss coefficients in,
Tolerances
Toluene:
m-Toluidine:
Tong F-factor method, for critical heat flux with nonuniform heating,
Tooth, A S,
Total emissivity in gases,
Transcendental equations in transient conduction,
Transient behavior:
Transition boiling:
Transition flow, heat transfer in free convective flow over vertical surfaces in,
Transitional flow, in combined free and forced convection,
Transmission of thermal radiation in solids:
Transmissivity of solids:
Transport properties:
Transverse flow, combined free and forced convection in,
Treated surfaces, for augmentation of heat transfer,
Triangular duct:
Triangular fins, in plate fin exchangers,
Triangular relationship, in annular gas-liquid flow,
Tribromomethane:
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Refrigerant 140a):
Trichloroethylene:
Trichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant 11)
Trichloromethane (Chloroform) (Refrigerant 20):
1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Refrigerant 113):
Tridecane:
Tridecene:
Triethylamine:
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (Refrigerant 143a):
Trifluoromethane (Refrigerant 23):
Trimethylamine:
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene:
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene:
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene:
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane):
Triphenylmethane:
Triple interface (gas/solid/liquid),
True temperature difference, in double pipe exchangers,
Truelove, J S,
Tsotsas, E
Tube-baffle damage, in heat exchangers,
Tube banks, finned:
Tube banks, plain:
Tube banks, roughened tubes, effect of roughness on Euler number in,
Tube bundles:
Tube counts, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Tube end attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tube inserts, heat exchangers with,
Tube-in-plate extended surface configurations, fin efficiency of,
Tube plates, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Tube rupture in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tube-to-tubesheet attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tubes:
Tucker, R J,
Tunnel dryer,
Turbine exhaust condensers:
Turbines, lost work in
Turbulence:
Turbulent boundary layers:
Turbulent buffeting, as source of tube vibration,
Turbulent energy, integral equation for,
Turbulent flow:
Turnarounds, in heat exchangers,
Turner, C W,
Twisted tapes:
Twisted tube heat exchangers,
Twisted tubes
Two-equation models, for turbulent boundary layers,
Two-phase loop with capillary pump,
Two-phase flows:
Index
HEDH
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
Taborek, J, xlv-lvi
Taitel and Dukler flow regime map, for horizontal and inclined gas- liquid flows,
Tamura et al correlation, for surface tension of mixtures,
Taylor Forge method, for mechanical design of flanges, comparison with EN13445 method,
Taylor series expansion,
Teflon, use in heat transfer enhancement:
TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association):
Temperature distribution:
Tenders for heat exchangers,
Terminal free fall velocity, in fluidization,
Testing and inspection of heat exchangers:
Tetrabromomethane:
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane:
Tetrachloroethylene:
Tetradecane:
Tetradecene:
Tetrachlorodifluoroethane (Refrigerant 112):
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant R134a):
Tetrafluoromethane (Refrigerant 14):
Tetrahydrofuran:
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene:
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene:
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene:
Thermal conductivity:
Thermal contact conductance (TCC),
Thermal contact resistance (TCR),
Thermal design, constructional features affecting, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers
Thermal diffusivity:
Thermal expansion coefficient:
Thermal leakage in F-type shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Thermal mixing in plate heat exchangers,
Thermal stress:
Thermocal, heat transfer media,
Thermodynamic cycles in refrigeration,
Thermodynamic properties:
Thermodynamic surface in radiative heat transfer,
Thermoexel surface, for enhancement of boiling,
Thermofluids, heat transfer medium,
Thermosiphon
Theta-NTU method:
Thickness of boundary layers (displacement, momentum, energy, density, temperature),
Thin-wall-type expansion bellows,
Thiophene:
Thome, J R
Three-phase flows:
Tie rods in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tinker method for shell-side heat transfer in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Titanium and titanium alloys,
T-junctions, loss coefficients in,
Tolerances
Toluene:
m-Toluidine:
Tong F-factor method, for critical heat flux with nonuniform heating,
Tooth, A S,
Total emissivity in gases,
Transcendental equations in transient conduction,
Transient behavior:
Transition boiling:
Transition flow, heat transfer in free convective flow over vertical surfaces in,
Transitional flow, in combined free and forced convection,
Transmission of thermal radiation in solids:
Transmissivity of solids:
Transport properties:
Transverse flow, combined free and forced convection in,
Treated surfaces, for augmentation of heat transfer,
Triangular duct:
Triangular fins, in plate fin exchangers,
Triangular relationship, in annular gas-liquid flow,
Tribromomethane:
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Refrigerant 140a):
Trichloroethylene:
Trichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant 11)
Trichloromethane (Chloroform) (Refrigerant 20):
1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Refrigerant 113):
Tridecane:
Tridecene:
Triethylamine:
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (Refrigerant 143a):
Trifluoromethane (Refrigerant 23):
Trimethylamine:
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene:
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene:
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene:
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane):
Triphenylmethane:
Triple interface (gas/solid/liquid),
True temperature difference, in double pipe exchangers,
Truelove, J S,
Tsotsas, E
Tube-baffle damage, in heat exchangers,
Tube banks, finned:
Tube banks, plain:
Tube banks, roughened tubes, effect of roughness on Euler number in,
Tube bundles:
Tube counts, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Tube end attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tube inserts, heat exchangers with,
Tube-in-plate extended surface configurations, fin efficiency of,
Tube plates, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Tube rupture in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tube-to-tubesheet attachment, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Tubes:
Tucker, R J,
Tunnel dryer,
Turbine exhaust condensers:
Turbines, lost work in
Turbulence:
Turbulent boundary layers:
Turbulent buffeting, as source of tube vibration,
Turbulent energy, integral equation for,
Turbulent flow:
Turnarounds, in heat exchangers,
Turner, C W,
Twisted tapes:
Twisted tube heat exchangers,
Twisted tubes
Two-equation models, for turbulent boundary layers,
Two-phase loop with capillary pump,
Two-phase flows:
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
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Saddle Supports Extend
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000425
4.3 SHELL-AND-TUBE DESIGN CODES
4.3.8 Supports
Alwyn S. Tooth and R. Blenkin
A. Introduction
Cylindrical shell heat exchangers may be supported in either the horizontal or vertical planes. Vertical thermosyphon reboilers, which are generally relatively small, typically no larger than 1 m. diameter and 3 m. long, may be hung from the distillation columns provided they are located close to the column. They are generally supported near to the top tubesheet and with two brackets on either sides of a vessel diameter. If their location and size do not permit this then separate steelwork may be required.
Vertical condenser/subcoolers generally need to be arranged vertically in order to carry out both condensing and then subcooling. As they tend to be larger than the above reboilers they are usually supported on four brackets, again near the top tubesheet to minimize expansion difficulties with the large connections on the tubeside. The brackets are located on two vessel diameters 90° apart.
In other cases the heat exchangers are placed in the horizontal plane and in these cases are supported using two saddles. This arrangement permits the support of exchangers which are of larger diameter and length, than those above, or they may be of substantial overall weight in view of the fact that they are required to operate at high pressure, requiring a thick walled shell and heavy flanges.
Section 419H, Section 420H and Section 423J(g) of the Handbook discuss the requirements of various codes for the design of heat exchanger supports. It will be noted that the most comprehensive approach is provided by the British Standard. British Standards Institution (1994), the analytical basis of which is discussed in Section 404C. Further information pertaining to the analysis of local loading is also provided in the Wickman et al., (1979); this latter is often employed by designers who use American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1998).
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