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Expressively Clad Plate
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A B C D E F G H
Hagen-Poiseuille law Hagen-Rubens relation, between electrical and optical constants, Hall Taylor, N S, Halogenated hydrocarbons: Handley and Heggs equation for fixed bed pressure drop, Hankinson and Thomson method, for liquid density: Hardening (precipative) of stainless steels, Hardwick, R,
Expressively Clad Plate
Harris, D, Hausen equation for developing laminar flow, Hays, G F Headers in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Heads, in heat exchangers: Heat and mass transfer: Heat exchanger design, introduction, Heat exchangers: Heat of vaporisation (see Enthalpy of vaporisation), of pure substances Heat pipes: Heat pumping, relation to heat exchanger network design, Heat storage (see Regenerators and thermal energy storage) entropy generation in, Heat transfer: Heat transfer coefficient: Heat transfer media, Heat transfer salt, Heat transfer regimes: Heat of vaporization, Heated cavity reflectometer, Heating media, for reboilers, Heavy water, physical properties of, Heggs, P J, Helical coils of circular cross section: Helical coils of rectangular cross section, Helical inserts, for enhancement of heat transfer in boiling, Helium: Helmholtz reciprocity principle, in radiative heat transfer, Henry, J A R, Henry-Fauske model, for critical two-phase flow, Henry's law, for partial pressure, Heptadecane: Heptadecene: Heptane: 1-Heptanol: 1-Heptene: Herman, K W, Hermes, C L L, Heterogeneous conveyance in horizontal pipes, Heterogeneous nucleation in boiling, Hewitt, G F Hexachloroethane (Refrigerant 116): Hexacyclopentane, superheated vapor properties, Hexadecane: Hexadecene: 1,5-Hexadiene: Hexagonal cells, in free convection, Hexamethylbenzene: Hexane: Hexanoic acid: 1-Hexanol: 1-Hexene: Hexylbenzene: Hexylcyclohexane: Hexylcyclopentane, Hicks equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop, High pressure closures, ASME VIII code guidance for, High-chrome steels, thermal and mechanical properties, High-finned tubes, correlations for single-phase heat transfer in flow over, Hills, P D Hohlraum cavity, Holdup, in liquid-liquid flow, Holland, guide to national practice for mechanical design of heat exchangers, Homogeneous condensation (fog formation), Homogeneous model: Homogeneous nucleation: Honeycombs: Hopkins, D, Horizontal condensers: Horizontal cylinders: Horizontal layers, of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Horizontal pipes: Horizontal shell-side evaporator, Horizontal surfaces: Horizontal thermosiphon reboilers: Horizontal tube-side evaporator, Horizontal tubes: Hottel's rule, in absorption of radiation by gases, Hsu criterion, for onset of nucleate boiling, Hybrid cooling towers, Hydraulic conveyance: Hydraulic expansion, of tubes into tube sheets in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hydraulic turbine, lost work in, Hydraulic resistance, in flow of supercritical fluids, Hydraulically smooth surface, Hydrazine: Hydrocarbons: Hydrodynamic entrance length, in single-phase flow in ducts, Hydrogen: Hydrogen bromide: Hydrogen chloride: Hydrogen cyanide: Hydrogen fluoride: Hydrogen iodide: Hydrogen peroxide: Hydrogen sulfide: Hydrostatic testing of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hysteresis:
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H Hardwick, R,
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Expressively Clad Plate

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000435

4.5.5 Explosively clad plate

D. G. Nowell, R. Hardwick

A. Principles of explosive bonding

Explosive bonding is a solid-state cold-welding technique originally developed in the United States by Du Pont in the early 1960s. Since that time a number of companies throughout the world have been carrying out explosive cladding of plate and, individually,have further developed and refined the technology. Many of these companies are members of the International Explosive Metalworking Association, which was formed to further the acceptance of the process and provide and maintain uniform standards.

Essentially, the process consists of the use of an explosive charge to create a high impact pressure between the metals being bonded (see Figure 1). The components are initially spaced a small distance apart and are driven together by the explosion so that contact between the two is made progressively over the surface area being joined. At the resulting collision front, the component surfaces are removed as a jet of material containing surface oxides and other contaminants, thereby cleaning the surfaces and permitting the generation of a molecular bond at the interface.

Figure 1 Principle of explosive bonding

The parameters required to create the correct conditions for bonding have been established for a wide range of material combinations. Some of these metal combinations were found to be more difficult to bond than others, and it appears that this difficulty is related to the atomic spacing and yield strengths of the materials; the greater the differential between the atomic spacings and/or yield strengths of the two metals being bonded, the more difficult bonding becomes. Indeed, where these differentials are small, the metal combination is highly compatible, and it is these metal combinations that can be bonded by the more traditional route where they are merely hot rolled together to produce a bond (roll bonding).

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