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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Packaged units, specification of,
Packing characteristic, in cooling towers,
Packings, for cooling towers
Packings, for fixed beds:
Packinox heat exchanger,
Paints, spectral characteristics of reflectance of surfaces treated with,
Palen, J W
Panchal, C B,
Paraffins, normal and isonormal:
Paraldehyde:
Parallel channel instability, in condensers,
Partial boiling in subcooled forced convective heat transfer,
Participating media, radiation interaction in,
Particle convective component, in heat transfer from fluidized beds,
Particle emissivity,
Particle Reynolds number in fixed beds,
Particles:
Particulate fluidization,
Particulate fouling,
Pass arrangements, in plate heat exchangers,
Passes, tube side,
Passive methods, for augmentation of heat transfer, passive systems for:
PD5500 mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers to,
Peacock, D K,
Pearson number,
Peclet number
Peng-Robinson equation of state, application to hydrocarbons,
Penner's rule, in absorption of radiation by gases,
Pentachloroethane (Refrigerant 120):
Pentadecane:
Pentadecene:
Pentadiene 1, 2:
Pentadiene 1, trans 3:
Pentadiene 1, 4:
Pentadiene 2-3:
Pentafluoroethane (Refrigerant 125)
Pentamethylbenzene:
Pentane:
Pentanoic acid:
1-Pentanol:
1-Pentene:
cis-2-Pentene:
trans-2-Pentene:
Pentylacetate:
Pentylbenzene:
Pentylcyclohexane:
Pentylcyclopentane:
Pentylcyclopropane, liquid properties,
Perforated fins, in plate fin heat exchangers,
Perforated plates, loss coefficients in,
Periodic operation, of regenerator,
Periodic variations in temperature, thermal conduction in bodies with,
PFR correlation, for heat transfer in high fin tube banks,
Pharmaceutical industry, fouling of heat exchangers in,
Phase change materials, in augmentation of heat transfer,
Phase change number,
Phase equilibrium:
Phase inversion
Phase separation, as source of corrosion problems,
Phenol:
Phenols:
Phenylhydrazine:
Phonons, in thermal conductivity of solids,
Phosgene:
Physical properties:
Pi theorum, in dimensional analysis,
Pinch analysis, for heat exchanger network design,
Pioro, I L
Pioro, LS,
Pipe leads,
Piperidine:
Pipes, circular:
Pipes, noncircular:
Piping components:
Pitting corrosion, in stainless steels,
Planck's constant,
Planck's law, for spectral distribution of blackbody radiation,
Plane shells, steady-state thermal conduction in,
Plastic deformation
Plate fin heat exchangers
Plate fins, efficiency,
Plate heat exchangers:
Plate evaporator
Plates:
Plug flow:
Plug flow model, for furnaces,
Pneumatic conveyance,
Pneumatic conveying dryer,
P-NTU method:
Polarization, of thermal radiation,
Polyglycols, as heat transfer media,
Polymers:
Pool boiling,
Porous surfaces:
Port arrangements, in plate heat exchangers,
Portable fouling unit,
Poskas, P,
Postdryout heat transfer:
Powders:
Power law fluid (non-Newtonian),
Power plant:
Prandtl number
Transfer coefficient dependencies
effect on heat transfer in helical coils of rectangular cross section,
effect on laminar flow over flat plate,
of heavy water,
of liquids below their boiling point,
of saturated vapors and liquids,
of saturated water,
of seawater,
shell-side, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
of water,
Precipitation (crystallization) fouling,
Precipitation hardening, of stainless steels,
Pressure coefficient:
Pressure control of condensers,
Pressure drop:
Pressure gradient:
Pressure, specification of in mechanical design to EN13445,
Pressure testing,
Pressure vessels, principle codes for,
Pressurised water reactor, fouling in,
Printed circuit heat exchanger,
Problem table algorithm, in pinch analysis,
Process heaters:
Progressive plastic deformation
Prolate spheroids, free convective heat transfer from,
Promoters, in dropwise condensation,
Propadiene:
Propane:
1-Propanol:
2-Propanol:
Propeller agitator,
Property ratio method, for temperature dependent physical property
Propionaldehyde:
Propionic acid:
Propionic anhydride:
Proprionitrile:
Propyl acetate:
Propylamine:
Propylbenzene:
Propylcyclohexane:
Propylcyclopentane:
Propylene:
1,3-Propylene glycol:
Propylene oxide:
Propyl formate:
Propyl propionate:
Pseudo-boiling in supercritical fluids,
Pseudo-film boiling in supercritical fluids,
Pseudocritical pressure,
Pseudocritical tempertaure,
Pugh, S F
Pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers in,
Pulsations, use in augmentation of heat transfer,
Pulverized fuel water-tube boiler,
Pumping, lost work in,
Pushkina and Sorokin correlation, for flooding in vertical tubes,
Pyramid, free convective heat transfer from,
Pyridine:
Index
HEDH
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Packaged units, specification of,
Packing characteristic, in cooling towers,
Packings, for cooling towers
Packings, for fixed beds:
Packinox heat exchanger,
Paints, spectral characteristics of reflectance of surfaces treated with,
Palen, J W
Panchal, C B,
Paraffins, normal and isonormal:
Paraldehyde:
Parallel channel instability, in condensers,
Partial boiling in subcooled forced convective heat transfer,
Participating media, radiation interaction in,
Particle convective component, in heat transfer from fluidized beds,
Particle emissivity,
Particle Reynolds number in fixed beds,
Particles:
Particulate fluidization,
Particulate fouling,
Pass arrangements, in plate heat exchangers,
Passes, tube side,
Passive methods, for augmentation of heat transfer, passive systems for:
PD5500 mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers to,
Peacock, D K,
Pearson number,
Peclet number
Peng-Robinson equation of state, application to hydrocarbons,
Penner's rule, in absorption of radiation by gases,
Pentachloroethane (Refrigerant 120):
Pentadecane:
Pentadecene:
Pentadiene 1, 2:
Pentadiene 1, trans 3:
Pentadiene 1, 4:
Pentadiene 2-3:
Pentafluoroethane (Refrigerant 125)
Pentamethylbenzene:
Pentane:
Pentanoic acid:
1-Pentanol:
1-Pentene:
cis-2-Pentene:
trans-2-Pentene:
Pentylacetate:
Pentylbenzene:
Pentylcyclohexane:
Pentylcyclopentane:
Pentylcyclopropane, liquid properties,
Perforated fins, in plate fin heat exchangers,
Perforated plates, loss coefficients in,
Periodic operation, of regenerator,
Periodic variations in temperature, thermal conduction in bodies with,
PFR correlation, for heat transfer in high fin tube banks,
Pharmaceutical industry, fouling of heat exchangers in,
Phase change materials, in augmentation of heat transfer,
Phase change number,
Phase equilibrium:
Phase inversion
Phase separation, as source of corrosion problems,
Phenol:
Phenols:
Phenylhydrazine:
Phonons, in thermal conductivity of solids,
Phosgene:
Physical properties:
Pi theorum, in dimensional analysis,
Pinch analysis, for heat exchanger network design,
Pioro, I L
Pioro, LS,
Pipe leads,
Piperidine:
Pipes, circular:
Pipes, noncircular:
Piping components:
Pitting corrosion, in stainless steels,
Planck's constant,
Planck's law, for spectral distribution of blackbody radiation,
Plane shells, steady-state thermal conduction in,
Plastic deformation
Plate fin heat exchangers
Plate fins, efficiency,
Plate heat exchangers:
Plate evaporator
Plates:
Plug flow:
Plug flow model, for furnaces,
Pneumatic conveyance,
Pneumatic conveying dryer,
P-NTU method:
Polarization, of thermal radiation,
Polyglycols, as heat transfer media,
Polymers:
Pool boiling,
Porous surfaces:
Port arrangements, in plate heat exchangers,
Portable fouling unit,
Poskas, P,
Postdryout heat transfer:
Powders:
Power law fluid (non-Newtonian),
Power plant:
Prandtl number
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Transfer coefficient dependencies
effect on heat transfer in helical coils of rectangular cross section,
effect on laminar flow over flat plate,
of heavy water,
of liquids below their boiling point,
of saturated vapors and liquids,
of saturated water,
of seawater,
shell-side, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
of water,
Precipitation (crystallization) fouling,
Precipitation hardening, of stainless steels,
Pressure coefficient:
Pressure control of condensers,
Pressure drop:
Pressure gradient:
Pressure, specification of in mechanical design to EN13445,
Pressure testing,
Pressure vessels, principle codes for,
Pressurised water reactor, fouling in,
Printed circuit heat exchanger,
Problem table algorithm, in pinch analysis,
Process heaters:
Progressive plastic deformation
Prolate spheroids, free convective heat transfer from,
Promoters, in dropwise condensation,
Propadiene:
Propane:
1-Propanol:
2-Propanol:
Propeller agitator,
Property ratio method, for temperature dependent physical property
Propionaldehyde:
Propionic acid:
Propionic anhydride:
Proprionitrile:
Propyl acetate:
Propylamine:
Propylbenzene:
Propylcyclohexane:
Propylcyclopentane:
Propylene:
1,3-Propylene glycol:
Propylene oxide:
Propyl formate:
Propyl propionate:
Pseudo-boiling in supercritical fluids,
Pseudo-film boiling in supercritical fluids,
Pseudocritical pressure,
Pseudocritical tempertaure,
Pugh, S F
Pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers in,
Pulsations, use in augmentation of heat transfer,
Pulverized fuel water-tube boiler,
Pumping, lost work in,
Pushkina and Sorokin correlation, for flooding in vertical tubes,
Pyramid, free convective heat transfer from,
Pyridine:
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Properties of Seawater
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000536
5.5 PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA TABLES
5.5.13 Properties of seawater
Clive F. Beaton
Values of thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, heat capacity, density, and Prandtl number for seawater and its concentrates are given. The data on which these recommended values are based are the most reliable available and cover a wide range of both temperature and concentration.
The concentration of seawater samples is normally defined by a single term, either salinity or chlorinity. This is possible since for all practical purposes the relative composition of seawater is constant. This docs not imply that all samples have the same composition but merely that all ions are present in the same ratios and that the only variation is the amount of pure water present. Thus, if the concentration of any one ion is measured, the amount of all the other ions can be accurately found by calculation.
Salinity was originally defined as the weight in grams of the dissolved inorganic matter in 1 kg of seawater after all bromide and iodide have been replaced by an equivalent amount of chloride and all carbonate has been converted to oxide. Chlorinity is in effect the halide concentration of seawater. The two are related by
S‰ = 1.80655 Cl‰ (1)
(The symbol ‰ denotes parts per thousand of seawater.) Chlorinity and salinity are now more accurately found by measuring the ratio of the electrical conductivity of the unknown sample to that of a "standard seawater" sample.
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