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E-type shells in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Ebert and Panchal equation, for crude oil fouling,
Eckert number,
Eddy viscosity:
Eddy diffusivity, of heat,
Edge, D,
Edwards, D K
EEC code for thermal design of heat exchangers,
Effective diffusivity,
Effective thermal conductivity of fixed beds,
Effective tube length in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Effectiveness of a heat exchanger:
Efficiency of fins,
Eicosane:
Eicosene:
Ejectors, in flash distillation plant,
EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for expansion bellows
Elastic properties of solids:
El-Dessouky, H,
Electrical enhancement processes, in heat transfer augmentation,
Electric fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials,
Electric fields, in augmentation of condensation,
Electrical process heater, specification of,
Electrokinetics, for heat transfer augmentation in microfluidic systems,
Electromagnetic theory of radiation,
Electrostatic fields in augmentation of heat transfer,
Elements:
Elhadidy relation between heat and momentum transfer,
Embedding methods for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases,
Embittlement, of stainless steels,
Emission of thermal radiation, in solids,
Emissivity:
Emitting media, interaction phenomena with,
Emulsions, viscosity of,
EN13445 (European Pressure Vessel Codes), design of heat exchangers to,
Enclosures:
Energy equation:
Energy recovery, maximum, in heat exchanger network design,
Enhanced surfaces, fouling in,
Enhancement devices:
Enlargements in pipes:
Enthalpy:
Entrainment in annular gas-liquid flow
Entrance effects in heat and mass transfer:
Entrance lengths, hydrodynamic in pipe flow,
Entrance losses for tube inlet in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Entry losses in plate heat exchangers,
Entropy generation and minimisation
Environmental impact, of fouling,
Eotvos number:
Epstein, N,
Epstein matrix, for fouling,
Equalizing rings, for expansion bellows,
Equilibrium interphase:
Equilibrium vapor nucleus,
Equivalent sand roughness,
Ergun equation, for pressure drop in fixed beds
ESDU correlations:
Esters:
Ethane:
Ethanol:
Ethers:
Ethyl acetate:
Ethylacetylene:
Ethylacrylate:
Ethylamine:
Ethylbenzene:
Ethyl benzoate:
Ethyl butanoate:
Ethylcyclohexane:
Ethylcyclopentane:
Ethyl formate:
Ethylene:
Ethylene diamine:
Ethylene glycol:
Ethylene oxide:
Ethylmercaptan:
1-Ethylnaphthalene:
2-Ethylnaphthalene:
Ethyl proprionate:
Ethyl propylether:
Ettouney, H,
Euler number:
Eutectic mixtures, condensation of forming immiscible liquids,
Evaporation:
Evaporative crystallisers,
Evaporators:
Exergy, definition of,
Exergy analysis,
Exit losses for tubes in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Expansion bellows, for shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for
Expansion joints, mechanical design of:
Expansion of tubes into tube sheets:
Expansion turbine, lost work in,
Explosively clad plate,
Explosive welding of tubes into tube sheets
Explosive expansion joints,
Extended surfaces (see also Fins)
Externally induced convection, in kettle reboilers,
Extinction coefficient,
Extinction efficiency,
Eyring fluid (non-Newtonian),
Index
HEDH
A
B
C
D
E
E-type shells in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Ebert and Panchal equation, for crude oil fouling,
Eckert number,
Eddy viscosity:
Eddy diffusivity, of heat,
Edge, D,
Edwards, D K
EEC code for thermal design of heat exchangers,
Effective diffusivity,
Effective thermal conductivity of fixed beds,
Effective tube length in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Effectiveness of a heat exchanger:
Efficiency of fins,
Eicosane:
Eicosene:
Ejectors, in flash distillation plant,
EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for expansion bellows
Elastic properties of solids:
El-Dessouky, H,
Electrical enhancement processes, in heat transfer augmentation,
Electric fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials,
Electric fields, in augmentation of condensation,
Electrical process heater, specification of,
Electrokinetics, for heat transfer augmentation in microfluidic systems,
Electromagnetic theory of radiation,
Electrostatic fields in augmentation of heat transfer,
Elements:
Elhadidy relation between heat and momentum transfer,
Embedding methods for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases,
Embittlement, of stainless steels,
Emission of thermal radiation, in solids,
Emissivity:
Emitting media, interaction phenomena with,
Emulsions, viscosity of,
EN13445 (European Pressure Vessel Codes), design of heat exchangers to,
Enclosures:
Energy equation:
Energy recovery, maximum, in heat exchanger network design,
Enhanced surfaces, fouling in,
Enhancement devices:
Enlargements in pipes:
Enthalpy:
Entrainment in annular gas-liquid flow
Entrance effects in heat and mass transfer:
Entrance lengths, hydrodynamic in pipe flow,
Entrance losses for tube inlet in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Entry losses in plate heat exchangers,
Entropy generation and minimisation
Environmental impact, of fouling,
Eotvos number:
Epstein, N,
Epstein matrix, for fouling,
Equalizing rings, for expansion bellows,
Equilibrium interphase:
Equilibrium vapor nucleus,
Equivalent sand roughness,
Ergun equation, for pressure drop in fixed beds
ESDU correlations:
Esters:
Ethane:
Ethanol:
Ethers:
Ethyl acetate:
Ethylacetylene:
Ethylacrylate:
Ethylamine:
Ethylbenzene:
Ethyl benzoate:
Ethyl butanoate:
Ethylcyclohexane:
Ethylcyclopentane:
Ethyl formate:
Ethylene:
Ethylene diamine:
Ethylene glycol:
Ethylene oxide:
Ethylmercaptan:
1-Ethylnaphthalene:
2-Ethylnaphthalene:
Ethyl proprionate:
Ethyl propylether:
Ettouney, H,
Euler number:
Eutectic mixtures, condensation of forming immiscible liquids,
Evaporation:
Evaporative crystallisers,
Evaporators:
Exergy, definition of,
Exergy analysis,
Exit losses for tubes in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Expansion bellows, for shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for
Expansion joints, mechanical design of:
Expansion of tubes into tube sheets:
Expansion turbine, lost work in,
Explosively clad plate,
Explosive welding of tubes into tube sheets
Explosive expansion joints,
Extended surfaces (see also Fins)
Externally induced convection, in kettle reboilers,
Extinction coefficient,
Extinction efficiency,
Eyring fluid (non-Newtonian),
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
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Introduction
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000108
1.6 SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS (CELL METHOD)
1.6.1 Introduction
E.S. Gaddis
Single-phase multipass shell-and-tube heat exchangers provided with segmental baffles have a more or less cross flow through the tube bundle. Baffle-induced shell-side flow might influence the effective mean temperature difference and hence the effectiveness of the heat exchanger. The influence of the baffles on the heat exchanger effectiveness and on the mean temperature difference is ignored in most present thermal design calculations (see Section 106). In general, this can be justified in the following cases:
- Large number of baffles or large number of tube-side passes.
- Heat capacity rates Ċ1 and Ċ2 (Ċ = Ṁ c) of the two streams differ greatly from one another.
- Number of transfer units (NTU) is small.
More details are given in Section 118.
If neither of the above conditions is fulfilled, the error in computing the effectiveness of the heat exchanger due to ignoring the influence of the baffle-induced shell-side flow may not be small. To evaluate the thermal performance of the apparatus in such cases, the heat exchanger (Figure 1a) can be divided into a number of cells (sub-exchangers) coupled together as shown in Figure 1b. The background development of this method is described in References Gaddis and Schlünder (1975), Gaddis (1978), Gaddis and Vogelpohl (1984) and Gaddis and Schlünder (1976). The purpose of Section 1.6 is to illustrate with numerical examples the calculation procedure and to present rules that enable the designer to choose the flow configuration with the highest heat exchanger effectiveness.
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