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Nahme-Griffith number, Nakashima, CY Nanoparticles, for heat transfer augmentation, Naphthalene: Napthenes: National practice, in mechanical design, guide to, Natural convection: Natural draft cooling towers: Natural frequency of tube vibration in heat exchangers, Navier-Stokes equation, Neon: Neopentane: Net free area, in double-pipe heat exchangers, Netherlands, guide to national mechanical design practice, Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of,
Introduction
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Nahme-Griffith number, Nakashima, CY Nanoparticles, for heat transfer augmentation, Naphthalene: Napthenes: National practice, in mechanical design, guide to, Natural convection: Natural draft cooling towers: Natural frequency of tube vibration in heat exchangers, Navier-Stokes equation, Neon: Neopentane: Net free area, in double-pipe heat exchangers, Netherlands, guide to national mechanical design practice, Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of,
Introduction
Neumann boundary conditions, finite difference method, Nickel, thermal and mechanical properties Nickel alloys, Nickel steels, Niessen, R, Nitric oxide: Nitriles: Nitrobenzene: Nitro derivatives: Nitroethane: Nitrogen: Nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen peroxide: Nitromethane: m-Nitrotoluene: Nitrous oxide Noise: Nonadecane: Nonadecene: Nonane: Nonene: Nonanol: Nonaqueous fluids, critical heat flux in, Non-circular microchannels: Noncondensables: Nondestructive testing, of heat exchangers Nongray media, interaction phenomena with, Nonmetallic materials: Non-Newtonian flow: Nonparticipating media, radiation interaction in, Nonuniform heat flux, critical heat flux with, Non-wetting surfaces, in condensation augmentation, North, C, No-tubes-in-window shells, calculation of heat transfer and pressure drop in, Nozzles: Nowell, D G, Nucleate boiling: Nuclear industry, fouling problems in, Nucleation: Nucleation sites: Nuclei, formation in supersaturated vapor, Number of transfer units (NTU): Numerical methods: Nusselt: Nusselt-Graetz problem, in laminar heat transfer in ducts, Nusselt number:
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
N Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of,
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Introduction

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000120

1.7.1 Introduction

B. Linnhoff, R. Smith

Pinch Analysis first emerged as an energy-saving approach to the design of heat exchanger networks which concentrated on conceptual understanding. It did not seek automatic global optimisation, but instead user-driven solutions which were near-optimum for practical problems.

It has developed with speed from an energy-saving tool for heat exchanger networks into a general tool for overall process design. It is now being used for process changes, capital cost reduction, emissions reduction, debottlenecking, batch process design and total site integration.

The early developments relating to heat exchanger networks are still those for which it is widely known, rather than the much more significant and wide-ranging later developments relating to overall processes. Here we shall introduce the key principles and steps of Pinch Analysis, both well-established and more recent. However, even though Pinch Analysis can be used as a wide-ranging tool covering many aspects of process design, consideration will be restricted here to energy saving in heat exchanger networks.

A. Track Record

Pinch Analysis, has developed an impressive track record. The firstly publicly reported applications from ICI averaged 30% energy savings in chemical and petrochemical processes Linnhoff and Turner (1981). Similar applications reported by Union Carbide a few year later showed energy savings averaging 50%, resulting mainly from a better understanding of how to carry out process changes Linnhoff and Vredeveld (1984).

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