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E-type shells in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Ebert and Panchal equation, for crude oil fouling,
Eckert number,
Eddy viscosity:
Eddy diffusivity, of heat,
Edge, D,
Edwards, D K
EEC code for thermal design of heat exchangers,
Effective diffusivity,
Effective thermal conductivity of fixed beds,
Effective tube length in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Effectiveness of a heat exchanger:
Efficiency of fins,
Eicosane:
Eicosene:
Ejectors, in flash distillation plant,
EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for expansion bellows
Elastic properties of solids:
El-Dessouky, H,
Electrical enhancement processes, in heat transfer augmentation,
Electric fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials,
Electric fields, in augmentation of condensation,
Electrical process heater, specification of,
Electrokinetics, for heat transfer augmentation in microfluidic systems,
Electromagnetic theory of radiation,
Electrostatic fields in augmentation of heat transfer,
Elements:
Elhadidy relation between heat and momentum transfer,
Embedding methods for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases,
Embittlement, of stainless steels,
Emission of thermal radiation, in solids,
Emissivity:
Emitting media, interaction phenomena with,
Emulsions, viscosity of,
EN13445 (European Pressure Vessel Codes), design of heat exchangers to,
Enclosures:
Energy equation:
Energy recovery, maximum, in heat exchanger network design,
Enhanced surfaces, fouling in,
Enhancement devices:
Enlargements in pipes:
Enthalpy:
Entrainment in annular gas-liquid flow
Entrance effects in heat and mass transfer:
Entrance lengths, hydrodynamic in pipe flow,
Entrance losses for tube inlet in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Entry losses in plate heat exchangers,
Entropy generation and minimisation
Environmental impact, of fouling,
Eotvos number:
Epstein, N,
Epstein matrix, for fouling,
Equalizing rings, for expansion bellows,
Equilibrium interphase:
Equilibrium vapor nucleus,
Equivalent sand roughness,
Ergun equation, for pressure drop in fixed beds
ESDU correlations:
Esters:
Ethane:
Ethanol:
Ethers:
Ethyl acetate:
Ethylacetylene:
Ethylacrylate:
Ethylamine:
Ethylbenzene:
Ethyl benzoate:
Ethyl butanoate:
Ethylcyclohexane:
Ethylcyclopentane:
Ethyl formate:
Ethylene:
Ethylene diamine:
Ethylene glycol:
Ethylene oxide:
Ethylmercaptan:
1-Ethylnaphthalene:
2-Ethylnaphthalene:
Ethyl proprionate:
Ethyl propylether:
Ettouney, H,
Euler number:
Eutectic mixtures, condensation of forming immiscible liquids,
Evaporation:
Evaporative crystallisers,
Evaporators:
Exergy, definition of,
Exergy analysis,
Introduction
calculation of exergy,
history of,
introduction to,
lost work in unit operations,
reversible (minimum work) for
Exit losses for tubes in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Expansion bellows, for shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for
Expansion joints, mechanical design of:
Expansion of tubes into tube sheets:
Expansion turbine, lost work in,
Explosively clad plate,
Explosive welding of tubes into tube sheets
Explosive expansion joints,
Extended surfaces (see also Fins)
Externally induced convection, in kettle reboilers,
Extinction coefficient,
Extinction efficiency,
Eyring fluid (non-Newtonian),
Index
HEDH
A
B
C
D
E
E-type shells in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Ebert and Panchal equation, for crude oil fouling,
Eckert number,
Eddy viscosity:
Eddy diffusivity, of heat,
Edge, D,
Edwards, D K
EEC code for thermal design of heat exchangers,
Effective diffusivity,
Effective thermal conductivity of fixed beds,
Effective tube length in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Effectiveness of a heat exchanger:
Efficiency of fins,
Eicosane:
Eicosene:
Ejectors, in flash distillation plant,
EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for expansion bellows
Elastic properties of solids:
El-Dessouky, H,
Electrical enhancement processes, in heat transfer augmentation,
Electric fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials,
Electric fields, in augmentation of condensation,
Electrical process heater, specification of,
Electrokinetics, for heat transfer augmentation in microfluidic systems,
Electromagnetic theory of radiation,
Electrostatic fields in augmentation of heat transfer,
Elements:
Elhadidy relation between heat and momentum transfer,
Embedding methods for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases,
Embittlement, of stainless steels,
Emission of thermal radiation, in solids,
Emissivity:
Emitting media, interaction phenomena with,
Emulsions, viscosity of,
EN13445 (European Pressure Vessel Codes), design of heat exchangers to,
Enclosures:
Energy equation:
Energy recovery, maximum, in heat exchanger network design,
Enhanced surfaces, fouling in,
Enhancement devices:
Enlargements in pipes:
Enthalpy:
Entrainment in annular gas-liquid flow
Entrance effects in heat and mass transfer:
Entrance lengths, hydrodynamic in pipe flow,
Entrance losses for tube inlet in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Entry losses in plate heat exchangers,
Entropy generation and minimisation
Environmental impact, of fouling,
Eotvos number:
Epstein, N,
Epstein matrix, for fouling,
Equalizing rings, for expansion bellows,
Equilibrium interphase:
Equilibrium vapor nucleus,
Equivalent sand roughness,
Ergun equation, for pressure drop in fixed beds
ESDU correlations:
Esters:
Ethane:
Ethanol:
Ethers:
Ethyl acetate:
Ethylacetylene:
Ethylacrylate:
Ethylamine:
Ethylbenzene:
Ethyl benzoate:
Ethyl butanoate:
Ethylcyclohexane:
Ethylcyclopentane:
Ethyl formate:
Ethylene:
Ethylene diamine:
Ethylene glycol:
Ethylene oxide:
Ethylmercaptan:
1-Ethylnaphthalene:
2-Ethylnaphthalene:
Ethyl proprionate:
Ethyl propylether:
Ettouney, H,
Euler number:
Eutectic mixtures, condensation of forming immiscible liquids,
Evaporation:
Evaporative crystallisers,
Evaporators:
Exergy, definition of,
Exergy analysis,
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Introduction
calculation of exergy,
history of,
introduction to,
lost work in unit operations,
reversible (minimum work) for
Exit losses for tubes in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Expansion bellows, for shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for
Expansion joints, mechanical design of:
Expansion of tubes into tube sheets:
Expansion turbine, lost work in,
Explosively clad plate,
Explosive welding of tubes into tube sheets
Explosive expansion joints,
Extended surfaces (see also Fins)
Externally induced convection, in kettle reboilers,
Extinction coefficient,
Extinction efficiency,
Eyring fluid (non-Newtonian),
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Calculation of the energy of a stream
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000132
1.9.3 Calculation of the exergy of a stream
D. Limb
The exergy of a process stream is given by the expression:
\[\label{eq1} E = (H - H_o)- T_o (S - S_o) \tag{1}\]
where H is the flow enthalpy (H = Ṁh where Ṁ is the mass rate of flow and h the specific enthalpy) and S is the flow entropy (S = Ṁs, where s is the specific entropy). The subscript o refers to values at the environmental temperature To. Strictly speaking, the exergy given by Equation 1 is the thermomechanical exergy and derives purely from the temperature and/or pressure being different from that of the environment or "dead state". No composition changes or chemical reactions are included. These are most easily dealt with explicitly as a separate term as shown later. The temperature is expressed in Kelvin (K) (0 °C = 273.15 K).
Exergy can also be regarded as the product of the mass rate of flow (Ṁ) and a specific exergy e = (h – ho) – To (s – so) (i.e. E = Ṁe). The molar exergy Ẽ is sometimes used and is the product of the molar flowrate and the molar specific exergy ẽ = (h̃ – h̃o) – To (s̃ – s̃o) (i.e. Ẽ = Ñẽ).
It is sometimes more convenient to calculate the exergy change (ΔE) for a process stream passing through a piece of equipment. This is because (i) simplified expressions for the exergy change are frequently adequate and (ii) the environment terms Ho and So cancel out.
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