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Emissivity of Solids

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000530

5.5 PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA TABLES
5.5.7 Emissivity of solids

P.E. Liley

Two tables of the emissivity of metals and other materials are presented. One is a temperature-dependence table covering the range 100 to 1,500 K. The other is a room temperature tabulation. Both tables only tabulate the total normal (nt), hemispherical total (ht) or undefined total emissivity. No attempt has been made to list other dependence, such as on wavelength, or other properties, such as absorptivity or reflectivity. The selection of materials also requires comment. While the selected references listed below tabulate properties for many more materials and surface conditions the surfaces have been found to be very sensitive to thermal history, method of preparation, and the effect of the environment. Topographical, chemical, and structural characteristics all influence the surface and hence the emissivity. Large variations in the properties occur with little or no apparent change in the preparation of the specimen. The tables presented here should therefore be regarded as giving an approximate guide to the actual behavior which one may encounter.

Table 1 Emissivities of metals and compounds as a function of temperature

MaterialTypeEmissivity at different temperatures, KRemark(s)
100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,500
Aluminumht 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 Polished foil
Al2O2nt 0.78 0.69 0.61 0.54 0.49 0.42 0.40
At alloy 245Tht 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 Polished
BNnt 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.74
CdSnt 0.62 0.56 0.27 0.16
Carbonnt 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.82
Copperht 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06Polished
Copperht 0.50 0.58 0.80 Oxidized at 1,000 K
GdOnt 0.35 0.29 0.25 0.16 0.13
Goldht 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 Polished foil
HfB2nt 0.41 0.46 0.52 0.72 0.76
HfCnt 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98
HfO2nt 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.83
Ironht 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.42Polished
Iron oxidesnt 0.84 0.84 0.82
MgOnt 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.62 0.52 0.47 0.41 0.36 0.31
Molybdenumht 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.170.18Polished
Monelht 0.14 0.14 015 0.17 0.19 0.22 0.26 0.34 Polished
NaClht 0.64 0.44 0.24
Niobiumht 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.18Polished
NbCht 0.43 0.44
NbCnt 0.33 0.64 0.74 0.84 0.84
Nickelht 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.21 0.23Polished
Platinumht 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.18Polished
Rheniumht 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21Polished
Silverht 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05Polished
Sapphireht 0.48 0.58
SiCnt 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.84
Si2N4nt 0.93 0.90 0.86 0.84 0.81 0.72 0.70
SiO2 (fused)ht 0.73 0.72 0.79
Tantalumht 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.18Polished
TaCht 0.29 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.42
TaCnt 0.38 0.52 0.65 0.73 0.75
TaNnt 0.70 0.75 0.78 0.81 0.83
ThOnt 0.29 0.29 0.28
TiCht 0.49 0.54 0.60 0.62 0.64
TiCnt 0.54 0.68 0.75 0.86 0.87
TiNnt 0.43 0.54 0.63 0.75 0.71
TiO2nt 0.50 0.47 0.42 0.39 0.38
Ti alloy A110-ATht 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.21 0.23 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.30Polished
Tungstenht 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.17Polished
Uraniumht 0.30 0.32 0.36 0.38 Polished
ZrB2nt 0.35 0.47 0.56 0.69 0.72
ZrCht 0.54 0.50 0.46 0.42
ZrO2nt 0.88 0.86 0.74 0.63 0.51 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.41
ZnSht 0.54 0.56 0.30
ZnSeht 0.54 0.43 0.22

Table 2 Emissivity of miscellaneous materials at room temperature

MaterialType Value
Al alloy 245Tn 0.09
Al hydroxide powdern0.28
Al roofingn0.22
Aluminant0.06–0.75
Asbestos, boardnt0.96
Asbestos, clothnt0.90
Asbestos, papernt0.94
Asbestos, slatent0.97
BaCl2, powdern0.65
Becchwoodnt0.94
Bismuthn0.05
Brass, oxidizedht0.60
Brass, polishedht0.04
Brick, roughnt0.93
Brick, smoothednt0.93
CaCO3 powdern0.30
Carbonn0.80
Ceriaht0.40–0.70
Chromiumn0.08
Clay, firednt0.91
Co alloy N155n0.09
Coal, groundnt0.80
Coatings0.03–0.85
Concrete, roughnt0.94
Corundum, roughnt0.86
Cu plate, oxidizedn0.78
Cuprie oxiden0.10
Dow metaln0.15
Earthenware, glazed0.90
Earthenware, matte0.93
Eboniten0.89
Enamelsn0.90
Everdur alloyn0.11
Frost, rime0.99
Glass, polishednt0.90–0.95
Glass, smoothnt0.94
Granitent0.44
Graphite powdern0.07
Gravelnt0.28
Gypsumnt0.80–0.90
Ice, crystalnt0.99
Ice, smoothnt0.97
Inconel Bn0.20
Inconel Xn0.21
Iron, ARMCOn0.10
Iron, ARMCO, oxidizedn0.30
Iron, cast, oxidized0.57
Iron, cast, polished0.21
Iron, electrolytic, oxidized0.79
Iron, electrolytic, polished0.05
Iron, rustedn0.85
Iron, wrought, dulln0.94
Iron, wrought, polished0.29
Kaolin, powdern0.30
Kieselguhrn0.25
Lacquers0.05–0.96
Lampblacknt0.95
Lead oxide powdern0.29
Lead, rednt0.93
Leathern0.77
Lime, doiomiticnt0.40
Limestonent0.95
Lineoleumnt0.89
Magnesiant0.71
Manganin, polishedn0.05
Marble, polishednt0.92
Marble, smoothnt0.56
Marble, whitent0.95
Monel KS 700n0.22
Mortar, liment0.92
Moldnt0.64
Micant0.75
Nickelin, oxidizedn0.26
Oak, planednt0.91
Paints, aluminum0.27–0.80
Paints, bronze0.50–0.55
Paints, flat white0.91
Paints, flat black0.88
Paints, gloss black0.90
Paints, gray0.95
Paints, green0.95
Paints, oil0.90–0.96
Paper, roofingnt0.91
Paper, whitent0.80–0.95
Plaster of Parisnt0.92
Plaster, roughnt0.92
Porcelain, glazednt0.92
Quartznt0.89
Quartz, flournt0.90
Quartz, toughnt0.89
Refractory, black0.94
Refractory, Light0.92
Refractory, white0.90
Resins0.79–0.83
Rubber, hardnt0.92
Rubber, softnt0.86
Sandnt0.76
Sandstone, rednt0.59
Sawdustnt0.75
Shellac, dulln0.91
Shellac, polishedn0.82
Slag, boilern0.95
Slatent0.65–0.85
Slate, dark graynt0.90
Slate, silver graynt0.80
Snow, fine0.82
Soilnt0.38
Soot, lampnt0.95
Spruce, sandednt0.82
Stelliten0.18
Stoneworknt0.93
Talc powdern0.24
Ti alloy A110ATn0.59
Ti alloy AMS 4901n0.19
Tungstenn0.02
Varnish, black, dull0.91
Varnish, shiny0.82
Wood, planednt0.78

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