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Nahme-Griffith number, Nakashima, CY Nanoparticles, for heat transfer augmentation, Naphthalene: Napthenes: National practice, in mechanical design, guide to, Natural convection: Natural draft cooling towers: Natural frequency of tube vibration in heat exchangers, Navier-Stokes equation, Neon: Neopentane: Net free area, in double-pipe heat exchangers, Netherlands, guide to national mechanical design practice, Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of, Neumann boundary conditions, finite difference method, Nickel, thermal and mechanical properties Nickel alloys, Nickel steels, Niessen, R, Nitric oxide: Nitriles: Nitrobenzene: Nitro derivatives: Nitroethane: Nitrogen: Nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen peroxide: Nitromethane: m-Nitrotoluene: Nitrous oxide Noise: Nonadecane: Nonadecene: Nonane: Nonene: Nonanol: Nonaqueous fluids, critical heat flux in, Non-circular microchannels: Noncondensables: Nondestructive testing, of heat exchangers Nongray media, interaction phenomena with, Nonmetallic materials: Non-Newtonian flow: Nonparticipating media, radiation interaction in, Nonuniform heat flux, critical heat flux with, Non-wetting surfaces, in condensation augmentation, North, C, No-tubes-in-window shells, calculation of heat transfer and pressure drop in, Nozzles: Nowell, D G, Nucleate boiling: Nuclear industry, fouling problems in, Nucleation: Nucleation sites: Nuclei, formation in supersaturated vapor, Number of transfer units (NTU): Numerical methods: Nusselt: Nusselt-Graetz problem, in laminar heat transfer in ducts, Nusselt number:
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Nickel and High Nickel Alloys

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000438

4.5.8 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys

A. Introduction

This chapter describes the approximately 40 nickels and high nickel (25% and above) alloys most commonly used for the construction of process plant, including heat exchangers, when superior corrosion resistance and/or high temperature mechanical properties are required to those provided by the lower nickel content stainless steels or cupronickels.

Corrosion can be a very complex phenomenon. Often certain constituents of the process fluid are present in such low quantities that their presence is not even stated (such as chlorides). They can make a more serious contribution to corrosion than the major constituents. This is particularly true when there are additional features present, such as heat transfer, mechanical crevices or deposits, etc., which can provide a mechanism for concentration of these apparently minor constituents to higher levels. For such reasons, in the space of one chapter, it is not easy and would almost certainly be misleading to attempt, to provide comprehensive data for all applications. Reputable alloy manufacturers have no wish that their alloys are put into unsuitable applications and are always willing to provide free advice about materials to combat specific corrosive environments. It is recommended that they should be consulted.

It is this author's experience that many potential users of nickel alloys are confused by the apparent jumble of seemingly expensive high nickel alloys presented to them, often by alloy manufacturers who produce only a portion of the available range under their own particular trade names. This is further compounded because, as in the case in many technologies, the chronological order of development of these alloys does not appear to be logical in itself. This is because constantly improving manufacturing methods, increasing diversification and understanding of corrosion resistance requirements and the need for cost-effectiveness have all led to continual optimising developments both at extreme and intermediate positions in the alloy range.

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