Navigation by alphabet

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Oblate spheroids, free convective heat transfer from, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), Octadecane: Octadecene: Octane: 1-Octanol: 1-Octene: Octafluorocyclobutane (Refrigerant C318) OEST, heat transfer medium, Oldroyd eight constant model, for non-Newtonian fluid,
Non-Newtonian Fluids
Olefins: Oliviera, S Olex, heat transfer medium, ONB (onset of nucleate boiling): Once-through cooling towers, Once-through multistage flash evaporators, (MSF-OT) One-equation models, for turbulent boundary layers, Open-circuit cooling towers, Operational envelope of a heat pipe, Operational problems: Opposed convection: Opto-microfluidics, Organic compounds, aqueous solutions of, as heat transfer media, Organic solids, density, Organic sulfur compounds: Organic vapours, dropwise condensation of, Orifices: Orifice baffles, in tube bundles with longitudinal flow, Orrick and Erbar method for saturated liquid viscosity, Outer tube limit, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Outlet effects, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Overall heat transfer coefficient, Overall power hypothesis, for critical heat flux in flow boiling, Overcapacity, in condensers, Oxygen:

Index

HEDH
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
Oblate spheroids, free convective heat transfer from, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), Octadecane: Octadecene: Octane: 1-Octanol: 1-Octene: Octafluorocyclobutane (Refrigerant C318) OEST, heat transfer medium, Oldroyd eight constant model, for non-Newtonian fluid,
Non-Newtonian Fluids
Olefins: Oliviera, S Olex, heat transfer medium, ONB (onset of nucleate boiling): Once-through cooling towers, Once-through multistage flash evaporators, (MSF-OT) One-equation models, for turbulent boundary layers, Open-circuit cooling towers, Operational envelope of a heat pipe, Operational problems: Opposed convection: Opto-microfluidics, Organic compounds, aqueous solutions of, as heat transfer media, Organic solids, density, Organic sulfur compounds: Organic vapours, dropwise condensation of, Orifices: Orifice baffles, in tube bundles with longitudinal flow, Orrick and Erbar method for saturated liquid viscosity, Outer tube limit, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Outlet effects, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Overall heat transfer coefficient, Overall power hypothesis, for critical heat flux in flow boiling, Overcapacity, in condensers, Oxygen:
P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
O Oldroyd eight constant model, for non-Newtonian fluid,
Download the citation in the EndNote formatOpen in a new tab. Download the citation in the RefWorks formatOpen in a new tab. Download the citation in the BibTex formatOpen in a new tab.

Non-Newtonian Fluids

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000150

2.2 SINGLE-PHASE FLUID FLOW
2.2.8 Non-Newtonian Fluids

Robert C. Armstrong and B. K. Rao

A. Introduction
(by R. C. Armstrong)

Many fluids do not obey Newton’s law of viscosity; these materials are commonly grouped together under the broad heading of non-Newtonian fluids. Examples of non-Newtonian fluids include polymer solutions and melts, paints, soaps, biological fluids, greases, pastes, and suspensions. The field of study that is aimed at understanding the deformation and flow behavior of these substances is known as rheology. Because they make up the most commonly encountered subgroup of non-Newtonian materials, polymers will be emphasized in this section.

There are many simple experiments that can serve to illustrate the often dramatic differences in behavior between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. If, for example, the "viscosity" of a polymer solution were determined in a falling-ball viscometer and in a tube flow experiment, different results might be obtained. If a rotating shaft is inserted into a beaker of polymeric fluid, the polymer "climbs" the rod. Polymer extruded through a circular orifice may swell to a diameter several times that of the hole. If a filament of molten polymer is suddenly stretched and then released, it will snap back nearly to its original length (Bird et al., 1977).

Because of the very high viscosities exhibited by most concentrated polymer solutions and melts, the flow of these fluids is laminar in most applications, and laminar flow will be the primary focus of this section. In Section B, experimental methods for characterizing non-Newtonian fluids are described. Section C then presents models for describing these properties, and Section D gives examples to illustrate the calculation of quantities of engineering importance. In Section E, turbulent tube flow of non-Newtonian fluids is discussed.

B. Experimental characterization of non-Newtonian fluids
(by R. C. Armstrong)

... You need a subscriptionOpen in a new tab. to view the full text of the article. If you already have the subscription, please login here

© 2024 by Begell House, Inc.