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in combined and free and forced convection: around immersed bodies, definition, in free convection over immersed bodies, in laminar flow in ducts: in liquid metal flow, in non-Newtonian flows, in particle to fluid heat transfer in fixed beds,
Fixed Beds
in plate heat exchangers, in single-phase flow over immersed bodies, in systems with heat transfer augmentation, in turbulent flow in ducts:

Index

HEDH
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
Nahme-Griffith number, Nakashima, CY Nanoparticles, for heat transfer augmentation, Naphthalene: Napthenes: National practice, in mechanical design, guide to, Natural convection: Natural draft cooling towers: Natural frequency of tube vibration in heat exchangers, Navier-Stokes equation, Neon: Neopentane: Net free area, in double-pipe heat exchangers, Netherlands, guide to national mechanical design practice, Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of, Neumann boundary conditions, finite difference method, Nickel, thermal and mechanical properties Nickel alloys, Nickel steels, Niessen, R, Nitric oxide: Nitriles: Nitrobenzene: Nitro derivatives: Nitroethane: Nitrogen: Nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen peroxide: Nitromethane: m-Nitrotoluene: Nitrous oxide Noise: Nonadecane: Nonadecene: Nonane: Nonene: Nonanol: Nonaqueous fluids, critical heat flux in, Non-circular microchannels: Noncondensables: Nondestructive testing, of heat exchangers Nongray media, interaction phenomena with, Nonmetallic materials: Non-Newtonian flow: Nonparticipating media, radiation interaction in, Nonuniform heat flux, critical heat flux with, Non-wetting surfaces, in condensation augmentation, North, C, No-tubes-in-window shells, calculation of heat transfer and pressure drop in, Nozzles: Nowell, D G, Nucleate boiling: Nuclear industry, fouling problems in, Nucleation: Nucleation sites: Nuclei, formation in supersaturated vapor, Number of transfer units (NTU): Numerical methods: Nusselt: Nusselt-Graetz problem, in laminar heat transfer in ducts, Nusselt number:
in combined and free and forced convection: around immersed bodies, definition, in free convection over immersed bodies, in laminar flow in ducts: in liquid metal flow, in non-Newtonian flows, in particle to fluid heat transfer in fixed beds,
Fixed Beds
in plate heat exchangers, in single-phase flow over immersed bodies, in systems with heat transfer augmentation, in turbulent flow in ducts:
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
N Nusselt number: in particle to fluid heat transfer in fixed beds,
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Fixed Beds

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000171

2.5.4 Fixed beds

V. Gnielinski

A. Introduction

Heat transfer coefficients between particles and fluid in packed beds are one of the basic pieces of information needed for unit operations and chemical reactor design. Heat transfer is of interest, for example, in chemical reactors with fixed beds of catalysts in which large amounts of heat are absorbed or released, or in fixed beds employed as regenerative heat exchangers. Particles of very different shapes, such as spheres, cylinders, Raschig rings, or Berl saddles, are used as packing material. Because of its great importance, many papers in the literature deal with this problem. Review papers (Balakrishnan and Pei, 1979, Barker, 1965) show that there are great differences in the correlating equations. This chapter deals only with packings of spheres of equal size.

B. The calculation process

The measurements of Gillespie et al. (1968) show that the Nusselt number during flow in a packing increases markedly in the first two layers of spheres, and finally reaches a fixed value. Ranz (1952) found that the Nusselt numbers measured in packings are significantly larger than for single spheres at the same approach velocity, and that they fall along a line parallel to that for single spheres when plotted against the Reynolds number.

From these findings, the mean Nusselt numbers for flow through stationary spherical packings with any void fraction can be calculated (Gnielinski, 1981) from the equation

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