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Ideal gas: Ilexan, heat transfer medium, Illingworth, A, Imbedded fins, Immersed bodies: Immersed tubes, in fluidized beds, heat transfer to, Immiscible liquids, condensation of vapors producing Impairment of heat transfer in combined free and forced convection in a vertical pipe, Imperfectly diffuse surfaces: Impingement damage in heat exchangers, Impingement plate: Impingement protection, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Impinging jets: Implicit equations, solution of Inclined enclosures, free convective heat transfer in, Inclined flow, effect of on heat transfer to cylinders, Inclined pipes: Inclined surfaces, free convective heat transfer from, Inconel, spectral characteristics of reflectance from oxidized surface of, Induced flow instabilities, in augmentation of heat transfer, Injection: Inlet effects in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, In-line tube banks: Inorganic compounds, solutions of, as heat transfer media, Inorganic substances: Instability, parallel channel, in condensers, Insulators, thermal conductivity of, Integral condensation: Integral finned tubes: Interaction coefficients in heat exchangers, Interaction parameters for binary systems, tables, Interfacial friction, in three-phase (liquid-liquid-gas) stratified flows, Interfacial resistance, in condensation, Interfacial roughness, relationships for, in annular gas-liquid flow, Interfacial shear stress, effect on filmwise condensation, on vertical surface, Intergrannular corrosion, of Intermating troughs, as corrugation design in plate heat exchangers, Intermittent flows: Internal heat sources, temperature distribution in bodies with, Internal heat transfer coefficient, use in transient conduction calculations, Internal reboilers (in distillation columns), characteristics advantages and disadvantages of, Internally finned tubes: International codes for pressure vessels, Interpenetrating continua (as representation of heat exchangers): Intertube velocity, in tube banks, Inviscid flow, compressible, with heat addition, Iodine: Iodobenzene: Iodoethane: Iodomethane: ISO codes for mechanical design of heat exchangers, Isobutane: Isobutanol: Isobutylamine: Isobutylformate: Isobutyric acid: Isoparaffins: Isopentane: Isopentanol: Isopropanol: Isopropylacetate: Isopropylamine: Isopropylbenzene: Isopropylcyclohexane: Isothermal flow, compressible, in ducts, Isothermal gas, radiation heat transfer to walls from, Isotropic materials, elastic properties, Isotropic scattering, Italy, guide to national practice for heat exchanger mechanical design,
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Combined Free and Forced Convection Around Immersed Bodies

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000176

2.5.9 Combined free and forced convection around immersed bodies

Heat transfer by forced convection between a fluid and an immersed body implies a temperature difference and hence a density difference. The density difference gives rise to free convection. The effect of buoyant motion in the direction of the forced flow is to increase the velocity in the boundary layer and thereby the rate of heat transfer over that for pure forced convection. Buoyant motion in opposition to the forced motion reduces the velocity and the rate of heat transfer relative to pure forced or free convection. Also, assisting flows retard and opposing flows advance the point of separation of the boundary layer on immersed bodies. Hall and Price (1970) found that the rate of heat transfer in a turbulent free convection was at first decreased and then increased by a superimposed forced flow in the same direction. They attributed the decrease to the suppression of turbulence. In view of these complexities, it is apparent that the suggestion of McAdams (1954), that the higher of the rates of heat transfer for the two pure processes be used for the combined process, can be considered only as a first-order approximation. More accurate correlating equations for various regimes are recommended below.

A. Assisting convection

(a) Thin laminar boundary-layer regime

Extensive theoretical and experimental results have been obtained for aiding free and forced convection in the laminar boundary-layer regime, and many expressions have been proposed for their correlation, generally in the form

\[\label{eq1} \mbox{Nu}^{n}=\mbox{Nu}^{n}_{F}+\mbox{Nu}^{n}_{N}\tag{1}\]

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