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Conective Boiling Inside Horizontal Tubes
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Nahme-Griffith number, Nakashima, CY Nanoparticles, for heat transfer augmentation, Naphthalene: Napthenes: National practice, in mechanical design, guide to, Natural convection: Natural draft cooling towers: Natural frequency of tube vibration in heat exchangers, Navier-Stokes equation, Neon: Neopentane: Net free area, in double-pipe heat exchangers, Netherlands, guide to national mechanical design practice, Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of, Neumann boundary conditions, finite difference method, Nickel, thermal and mechanical properties Nickel alloys, Nickel steels, Niessen, R, Nitric oxide: Nitriles: Nitrobenzene: Nitro derivatives: Nitroethane: Nitrogen: Nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen peroxide: Nitromethane: m-Nitrotoluene: Nitrous oxide Noise: Nonadecane: Nonadecene: Nonane: Nonene: Nonanol: Nonaqueous fluids, critical heat flux in, Non-circular microchannels: Noncondensables: Nondestructive testing, of heat exchangers Nongray media, interaction phenomena with, Nonmetallic materials: Non-Newtonian flow: Nonparticipating media, radiation interaction in, Nonuniform heat flux, critical heat flux with, Non-wetting surfaces, in condensation augmentation, North, C, No-tubes-in-window shells, calculation of heat transfer and pressure drop in, Nozzles: Nowell, D G, Nucleate boiling:
augmentation of, in axial flow reboilers, in evaporators, in forced convective boiling of binary and multicomponent mixtures, in forced convective heat transfer in vertical tubes, in horizontal tubes,
Conective Boiling Inside Horizontal Tubes
in kettle reboilers, in microchannels, outside tubes and tube bundles in crossflow, in pool boiling of binary and multicomponent mixtures, in pool boiling systems,
Nuclear industry, fouling problems in, Nucleation: Nucleation sites: Nuclei, formation in supersaturated vapor, Number of transfer units (NTU): Numerical methods: Nusselt: Nusselt-Graetz problem, in laminar heat transfer in ducts, Nusselt number:
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
N Nucleate boiling: in horizontal tubes,
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Conective Boiling Inside Horizontal Tubes

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000194

2.7 BOILING AND EVAPORATION
2.7.4 Convective boiling inside straight horizontal and inclined tubes, tubes with bends and helically coiled tubes

J. G. Collier and G. F. Hewitt

Horizontal tubes are often used in waste heat boilers, refrigerant evaporators, and a number of other types of heat exchange equipment. For the sake of compactness, the horizontal sections are often relatively short in length and connected by return bends to form so-called serpentines; alternatively, the tube may be formed into a helical coil. It is therefore convenient to consider the influence of bends and coils on heat transfer rates in this section.

A common feature of flows in non-vertical rubes is that of departure from axial symmetry in both flow and heat transfer. However, the nature and magnitude of the effects arising from this departure from symmetry vary with flow rate and with the type of geometry. In what follows, we will deal in turn with horizontal tubes (Section A), inclined tubes (Section B), tubes with bends (Section C) and, finally, helical coils (Section D).

A. Horizontal tubes

Heat transfer rates in horizontal tubes differ from those in vertical tubes to the extent that the gravitational forces cause an asymmetric flow pattern. A useful review has been given by Butterworth and Robertson (1977). Because the differences in behavior from that in a vertical tube are associated directly with the occurrence of dry portions of the tube perimeter, we shall consider this aspect first.

(a) Flow patterns and heat transfer

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