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of binary and multicomponent mixtures,
Boiling of Binary and Multicomponent Mixtures: Pool Boiling
of pure components,
Minimum tubeside velocity, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Minimum velocity for fluidization, Minimum wetting rate, for binary mixtures, Mirror-image concept, in radiative heat transfer, Mirrors, spectral characteristics of reflectance from, Mishkinis, D, Mist flow: Mitigation of fouling, Mixed convection occurrence in horiozntal circular pipe, Metais and Eckert diagram for, Mixing (shell-side), in twisted tube heat exchangers, Mixing length, in turbulent flow, Mixtures: Modelling, of fouling: Models, theory of, Modulus of elasticity: Moffat, R S M, Molecular gas radiation properties, Molecular weight: Mollier chart, for humid air, Momentum equation: Monitoring, on line, of fouling, Monochloroacetic acid: Monte Carlo methods, in radiative heat transfer, Moody chart: Morris, M Mostinski correlations: Moving bed, heat transfer to, Muchowski, E, Mueller, A C Muller-Steinhagen, H Multicomponent mixtures: Multidimensional systems, heat conduction in, Multiflux methods, for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases, Multipass shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Multiphase fluid flow and pressure drop: Multiple duties, in plate heat exchangers, Multiple effect evaporation, Multiple hairpin heat exchanger, Multistage flash evaporation (MSF) Multizone model, for furnaces,

Index

HEDH
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
McNaught, J M, Macdonald equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop, Mach number, Macleod-Sugden method for surface tension Macrolayer consumption model for critical heat flux in pool boiling, Maddox, R N Magnetic fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials, Magnetic devices, for fouling mitigation, Magnetohydrodynamcs, inaugmentation of heat transfer in microfluidic systems, Margarine manufacture, crystallization of edible oils and fats in, scraped surface heat exchangers for, Marlotherm, heat transfer media, Martensitic stainless steels, Martin, H Martinelli and Boelter equations for combined free and forced convection, Martinelli and Nelson correlations: Mass absorption coefficient, Mass extinction coefficient, Mass fraction, in multicomponent mixtures, Mass scattering coefficient, Mass transfer: Mass transfer coefficient: Materials of construction, for heat exchangers, Low temperature operation, ASME VIII code guidelines for, Matovosian, Robert, Matrix inversion techniques, in radiative heat transfer, Maximum drag reduction Maximum velocities (in shell-and-tube heat exchangers) Maxwell model, for non-Newtonian fluid, Maxwell-Stefan equations, for multicomponent diffusion, Maxwell's equations, for electromagnetic radiation, Mean beam length concept, in radiative heat transfer: Mean phase content, Mean temperature difference: Measurement of fouling resistance, Mechanical design of heat exchangers: Mechanical draft cooling towers, Mechanical loads, specifications in EN13445, Mechanical vapour compression cycles in refrigeration, Mediatherm, heat transfer medium, Melo, L F, Melting, thermal conduction in, Melting point: Mercury: Merilo correlation, for critical heat flux in horizontal tubes, Merkel's equation, in cooling tower design, Mertz, R, Metais and Eckert diagrams, for regimes of convection: Metals: Metallurgical industry, kilns and furnaces for, Metastable equilibrium, of vapor and liquid, Methane: Methanol: Methyl acetate: Methylacetylene: Methyl acrylate: Methyl amine n-Methylaniline: Methyl benzoate: 2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene (Isoprene): 2-Methylbutane (isopentane): Methylbutanoate: 2-Methyl-2-butene: Methylcyclohexane: Methylcyclopentane: Methylethylketone: Methyl formate: Metallurgical slag, use of submerged combustion in reprocessing of, Methyl fluorate: 2-Methylhexane: Methylisobutylketone: Methylmercaptan: 1-Methylnaphthalene: 2-Methylnaphthalene: 2-Methylpentane: 3-Methylpentane: 2-Methylpropane (isobutane): 2-Methylpropene: Methyl propionate: Methylpropylether: Methylpropyl ketone: Methyl salicylate: Methyl-t-butyl ether: Microbubbles, for drag reduction, Microchannels (see also microfluidics) Micro-fin tubes: Microfluidics, enhancement of heat transfer in, Mie scattering, in pulverized coal combustion, Miller, C J Miller, E R Mineral oils, as heat transfer media, physical properties of, Mineral wool production, submerged combustion systems for, Minimum fluidization velocity, Minimum heat flux in pool boiling:
of binary and multicomponent mixtures,
Boiling of Binary and Multicomponent Mixtures: Pool Boiling
of pure components,
Minimum tubeside velocity, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Minimum velocity for fluidization, Minimum wetting rate, for binary mixtures, Mirror-image concept, in radiative heat transfer, Mirrors, spectral characteristics of reflectance from, Mishkinis, D, Mist flow: Mitigation of fouling, Mixed convection occurrence in horiozntal circular pipe, Metais and Eckert diagram for, Mixing (shell-side), in twisted tube heat exchangers, Mixing length, in turbulent flow, Mixtures: Modelling, of fouling: Models, theory of, Modulus of elasticity: Moffat, R S M, Molecular gas radiation properties, Molecular weight: Mollier chart, for humid air, Momentum equation: Monitoring, on line, of fouling, Monochloroacetic acid: Monte Carlo methods, in radiative heat transfer, Moody chart: Morris, M Mostinski correlations: Moving bed, heat transfer to, Muchowski, E, Mueller, A C Muller-Steinhagen, H Multicomponent mixtures: Multidimensional systems, heat conduction in, Multiflux methods, for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases, Multipass shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Multiphase fluid flow and pressure drop: Multiple duties, in plate heat exchangers, Multiple effect evaporation, Multiple hairpin heat exchanger, Multistage flash evaporation (MSF) Multizone model, for furnaces,
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
M Minimum heat flux in pool boiling: of binary and multicomponent mixtures,
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Boiling of Binary and Multicomponent Mixtures: Pool Boiling

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000197

2.7 BOILING AND EVAPORATION
2.7.7 Boiling of binary and multicomponent mixtures: Pool boiling

J. G. Collier and G. F. Hewitt

The pool boiling curve is considerably altered when the fluid being evaporated is a binary mixture rather than a pure single-component liquid. The principal changes are shown diagramatically in Figure 1. First, the onset of boiling is delayed to higher wall superheats as a result of the temperature gradients set up in the pool to accommodate the corresponding gradients in liquid composition. Heat transfer coefficients in the nucleate boiling region are sharply reduced. The critical heat flux may be increased or reduced depending on the extent of the contribution from convection in the pool. The minimum heat flux and the corresponding wall superheat are increased. Finally, heat transfer rates in the film boiling region are also somewhat higher.

A. Nucleate boiling

Even small amounts of a second component cause considerable reductions in the heat transfer rate under nucleate pool boiling conditions compared with that measured for the pure liquid. The reason for this reduction can be traced back to the influence of the second component on the bubble growth rate. The minimum bubble growth rate, the minimum heat transfer coefficient, and the occurrence of a maximum critical heat flux all occur at the same liquid composition corresponding to a maximum value of |ỹ - x̃|. Starting with the early work of Bonilla and Perry (1941) and Cichelli and Bonilla (1944), many experimental studies of pool boiling of binary mixtures have been published. A good deal of useful experimental data for nucleate pool boiling of binary liquids have been presented by Sternling and Tichacek (1961). They used 14 binary systems with components ranging from water to light alcohols to heavy oils. All the mixtures had a wide boiling range, at least 90 °C. For all the systems the heat transfer coefficient for a given heat flux was less than would be expected for an "ideal" single-component fluid with the same physical properties. Extensive reviews on multicomponent pool boiling are given by Shock (1982) and Collier and Thome (1994). Here, the effects are illustrated by citing a few examples. It is helpful to define a heat transfer coefficient for nucleate pool boiling of a binary mixture as follows:

\[\label{eq1} \alpha=\dfrac{\dot{q}}{(T_{\rm{w}}-T_{\rm{bub}})}\tag{1}\]

where q̇ is the heal flux, Tw the wall temperature and Tbub the bubble point temperature. For a binary mixture, one may define an "ideal" heat transfer coefficient αid as follows:

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