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Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow,
Balance equation (applied to complete equipment),
Band dryer:
Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes,
Basket-type evaporator,
Barbosa, J R Jr,
Bateman, G,
Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of,
Bayonet tube evaporators,
Beaton, C F,
Beer-Lambert law,
Bejan, A,
Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation,
Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers,
Bends:
Benzaldehyde:
Benzene:
Benzoic acid:
Benzonitrile:
Benzophenone:
Benzyl alcohol:
Benzyl chloride:
Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface,
Bergles, Arthur E,
Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders,
Bimetallic tubes:
Binary mixtures:
Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian),
Biofouling,
Biot number:
Biphenyl:
Bismarck A,
Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by,
Black surface:
Blackbody radiation,
Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers,
Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation,
Blasius equation for friction factor,
Blenkin, R,
Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for,
Boilers:
Boiling:
Boiling curve:
Boiling length:
Boiling number, definition,
Boiling point, normal,
Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures):
Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes,
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in,
Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in,
Bolting,
Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Boltzmann's constant,
Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Borishanski, V M,
Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling,
Bott, T R,
Boundary layer:
Boussinesq approximations:
Boussinesq number, definition,
Bowring correlations for critical heat flux,
Bracket supports for heat exchangers:
Brauner, N,
Brazed plate exchanger,
Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction,
Bricks, drying of,
Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation,
Brinkman number,
Brittle fracture,
Bromine:
Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders,
Bromobenzene:
Bromoethane:
Bromomethane:
Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1):
Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation,
BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500),
Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux,
Bubble flow:
Bubbles:
Bulk viscosity,
Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers,
Bundle layout, in condensers
Buoyancy effects:
Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with,
Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations,
1,2-Butadiene:
1,3-Butadiene:
Butane:
1-Butanol:
2-Butanol:
Butene-1:
cis-2-Butene:
trans-2-Butene:
Butterworth, D,
Butyl acetate:
t-Butyl alcohol:
Butylamine:
Butylbenzene:
n-Butylbenzene:
n-Butylcyclohexane:
Butylcyclopentane:
Butylene oxide:
Butyr-aldehyde:
Butyric acid:
Butyronitrile:
Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
Index
HEDH
A
B
Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow,
Balance equation (applied to complete equipment),
Band dryer:
Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes,
Basket-type evaporator,
Barbosa, J R Jr,
Bateman, G,
Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of,
Bayonet tube evaporators,
Beaton, C F,
Beer-Lambert law,
Bejan, A,
Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation,
Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers,
Bends:
Benzaldehyde:
Benzene:
Benzoic acid:
Benzonitrile:
Benzophenone:
Benzyl alcohol:
Benzyl chloride:
Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface,
Bergles, Arthur E,
Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders,
Bimetallic tubes:
Binary mixtures:
Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian),
Biofouling,
Biot number:
Biphenyl:
Bismarck A,
Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by,
Black surface:
Blackbody radiation,
Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers,
Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation,
Blasius equation for friction factor,
Blenkin, R,
Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for,
Boilers:
Boiling:
Boiling curve:
Boiling length:
Boiling number, definition,
Boiling point, normal,
Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures):
Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes,
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in,
Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in,
Bolting,
Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Boltzmann's constant,
Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Borishanski, V M,
Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling,
Bott, T R,
Boundary layer:
Boussinesq approximations:
Boussinesq number, definition,
Bowring correlations for critical heat flux,
Bracket supports for heat exchangers:
Brauner, N,
Brazed plate exchanger,
Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction,
Bricks, drying of,
Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation,
Brinkman number,
Brittle fracture,
Bromine:
Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders,
Bromobenzene:
Bromoethane:
Bromomethane:
Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1):
Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation,
BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500),
Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux,
Bubble flow:
Bubbles:
Bulk viscosity,
Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers,
Bundle layout, in condensers
Buoyancy effects:
Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with,
Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations,
1,2-Butadiene:
1,3-Butadiene:
Butane:
1-Butanol:
2-Butanol:
Butene-1:
cis-2-Butene:
trans-2-Butene:
Butterworth, D,
Butyl acetate:
t-Butyl alcohol:
Butylamine:
Butylbenzene:
n-Butylbenzene:
n-Butylcyclohexane:
Butylcyclopentane:
Butylene oxide:
Butyr-aldehyde:
Butyric acid:
Butyronitrile:
Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
B
Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
modified form as basis for recommended procedure,
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Recommended Method: Principles and Limitations
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000249
3.3.3 Recommended method: Principles and limitations
Jerry Taborek
In selecting the recommended method for this handbook, the considerations summarized in Section 248 indicated clearly that, of all the methods surveyed, the Bell-Delaware method is in principle the most suitable one at the present. It fulfills the following requirements.
- It is a method that can be handled readily by hand-held calculators, progressing in a stepwise manner and making use of graphical solutions of auxiliary variables. It is considered essential that the recommended method may be used in this way for educational purposes and other reasons discussed later. Even if complex computer programs are available, there is — and always will be — a need to calculate the performance of an exchanger by hand methods. Only if calculations are performed manually will the engineer develop a "feel" for the design process as compared to the impersonal "black box" calculations of a computer program.
- The recommended method can be, however, readily programmed, possibly in parts, into even small programmable calculators. This is probably the most effective way of using the method, freeing the engineer from the time-consuming details of calculations and yet retaining the closeness of individual judgment.
- The method is based on the principles of Tinker’s flow distribution model, and thus is much superior to "integral" methods, such as Kern’s or Donohue’s. It was selected in preference to the original Tinker method, which did not have the benefit of the Delaware data. Major overhaul of Tinker’s method would be necessary to achieve the same accuracy (Palen and Taborek, 1969).
It should be clear, however, that this nonreiterative method cannot compete for accuracy with the complex stream analysis-type methods, which require relatively fast computers for their solution. Nevertheless, for a "well-designed" exchanger without any extremes, the results are within respectable limits of accuracy (see additional comments later in this section).
A. Method structure
The method uses ideal tube bank ji and fi factors and then corrects directly the resulting αi and Δpi for deviations caused by the various split streams. The ji and fi factors are defined as follows:
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