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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Hagen-Poiseuille law Hagen-Rubens relation, between electrical and optical constants, Hall Taylor, N S, Halogenated hydrocarbons: Handley and Heggs equation for fixed bed pressure drop, Hankinson and Thomson method, for liquid density: Hardening (precipative) of stainless steels, Hardwick, R, Harris, D, Hausen equation for developing laminar flow, Hays, G F Headers in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Heads, in heat exchangers: Heat and mass transfer: Heat exchanger design, introduction, Heat exchangers:
condensers,
Introduction
corrosion and other damage, costing, definitions and quantitative relationships, description of, design, double pipe, effectiveness of: entropy generation in, F-correction method for F-factor charts for, fouling of, gas-liquid pressure drop in, heat pipe, mechanical design: air-cooled, networks of, pinch analysis method for, numerical solution methods for: with calculation of flow pattern, plate fin, plate, thermal design of, P-NTU method for practical aspects of operation, pressure drop in headers, nozzles, and turnarounds, representation as interpenetrating continua, safety of shell-and-tube (single phase), thermal design of suction line exchangers in refrigeration, twisted tube, with dimpled surfaces, with tube inserts, Θ-method for Θ-method chart for,
Heat of vaporisation (see Enthalpy of vaporisation), of pure substances Heat pipes: Heat pumping, relation to heat exchanger network design, Heat storage (see Regenerators and thermal energy storage) entropy generation in, Heat transfer: Heat transfer coefficient: Heat transfer media, Heat transfer salt, Heat transfer regimes: Heat of vaporization, Heated cavity reflectometer, Heating media, for reboilers, Heavy water, physical properties of, Heggs, P J, Helical coils of circular cross section: Helical coils of rectangular cross section, Helical inserts, for enhancement of heat transfer in boiling, Helium: Helmholtz reciprocity principle, in radiative heat transfer, Henry, J A R, Henry-Fauske model, for critical two-phase flow, Henry's law, for partial pressure, Heptadecane: Heptadecene: Heptane: 1-Heptanol: 1-Heptene: Herman, K W, Hermes, C L L, Heterogeneous conveyance in horizontal pipes, Heterogeneous nucleation in boiling, Hewitt, G F Hexachloroethane (Refrigerant 116): Hexacyclopentane, superheated vapor properties, Hexadecane: Hexadecene: 1,5-Hexadiene: Hexagonal cells, in free convection, Hexamethylbenzene: Hexane: Hexanoic acid: 1-Hexanol: 1-Hexene: Hexylbenzene: Hexylcyclohexane: Hexylcyclopentane, Hicks equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop, High pressure closures, ASME VIII code guidance for, High-chrome steels, thermal and mechanical properties, High-finned tubes, correlations for single-phase heat transfer in flow over, Hills, P D Hohlraum cavity, Holdup, in liquid-liquid flow, Holland, guide to national practice for mechanical design of heat exchangers, Homogeneous condensation (fog formation), Homogeneous model: Homogeneous nucleation: Honeycombs: Hopkins, D, Horizontal condensers: Horizontal cylinders: Horizontal layers, of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Horizontal pipes: Horizontal shell-side evaporator, Horizontal surfaces: Horizontal thermosiphon reboilers: Horizontal tube-side evaporator, Horizontal tubes: Hottel's rule, in absorption of radiation by gases, Hsu criterion, for onset of nucleate boiling, Hybrid cooling towers, Hydraulic conveyance: Hydraulic expansion, of tubes into tube sheets in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hydraulic turbine, lost work in, Hydraulic resistance, in flow of supercritical fluids, Hydraulically smooth surface, Hydrazine: Hydrocarbons: Hydrodynamic entrance length, in single-phase flow in ducts, Hydrogen: Hydrogen bromide: Hydrogen chloride: Hydrogen cyanide: Hydrogen fluoride: Hydrogen iodide: Hydrogen peroxide: Hydrogen sulfide: Hydrostatic testing of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hysteresis:

Index

HEDH
A B C D E F G H
Hagen-Poiseuille law Hagen-Rubens relation, between electrical and optical constants, Hall Taylor, N S, Halogenated hydrocarbons: Handley and Heggs equation for fixed bed pressure drop, Hankinson and Thomson method, for liquid density: Hardening (precipative) of stainless steels, Hardwick, R, Harris, D, Hausen equation for developing laminar flow, Hays, G F Headers in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Heads, in heat exchangers: Heat and mass transfer: Heat exchanger design, introduction, Heat exchangers:
condensers,
Introduction
corrosion and other damage, costing, definitions and quantitative relationships, description of, design, double pipe, effectiveness of: entropy generation in, F-correction method for F-factor charts for, fouling of, gas-liquid pressure drop in, heat pipe, mechanical design: air-cooled, networks of, pinch analysis method for, numerical solution methods for: with calculation of flow pattern, plate fin, plate, thermal design of, P-NTU method for practical aspects of operation, pressure drop in headers, nozzles, and turnarounds, representation as interpenetrating continua, safety of shell-and-tube (single phase), thermal design of suction line exchangers in refrigeration, twisted tube, with dimpled surfaces, with tube inserts, Θ-method for Θ-method chart for,
Heat of vaporisation (see Enthalpy of vaporisation), of pure substances Heat pipes: Heat pumping, relation to heat exchanger network design, Heat storage (see Regenerators and thermal energy storage) entropy generation in, Heat transfer: Heat transfer coefficient: Heat transfer media, Heat transfer salt, Heat transfer regimes: Heat of vaporization, Heated cavity reflectometer, Heating media, for reboilers, Heavy water, physical properties of, Heggs, P J, Helical coils of circular cross section: Helical coils of rectangular cross section, Helical inserts, for enhancement of heat transfer in boiling, Helium: Helmholtz reciprocity principle, in radiative heat transfer, Henry, J A R, Henry-Fauske model, for critical two-phase flow, Henry's law, for partial pressure, Heptadecane: Heptadecene: Heptane: 1-Heptanol: 1-Heptene: Herman, K W, Hermes, C L L, Heterogeneous conveyance in horizontal pipes, Heterogeneous nucleation in boiling, Hewitt, G F Hexachloroethane (Refrigerant 116): Hexacyclopentane, superheated vapor properties, Hexadecane: Hexadecene: 1,5-Hexadiene: Hexagonal cells, in free convection, Hexamethylbenzene: Hexane: Hexanoic acid: 1-Hexanol: 1-Hexene: Hexylbenzene: Hexylcyclohexane: Hexylcyclopentane, Hicks equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop, High pressure closures, ASME VIII code guidance for, High-chrome steels, thermal and mechanical properties, High-finned tubes, correlations for single-phase heat transfer in flow over, Hills, P D Hohlraum cavity, Holdup, in liquid-liquid flow, Holland, guide to national practice for mechanical design of heat exchangers, Homogeneous condensation (fog formation), Homogeneous model: Homogeneous nucleation: Honeycombs: Hopkins, D, Horizontal condensers: Horizontal cylinders: Horizontal layers, of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Horizontal pipes: Horizontal shell-side evaporator, Horizontal surfaces: Horizontal thermosiphon reboilers: Horizontal tube-side evaporator, Horizontal tubes: Hottel's rule, in absorption of radiation by gases, Hsu criterion, for onset of nucleate boiling, Hybrid cooling towers, Hydraulic conveyance: Hydraulic expansion, of tubes into tube sheets in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hydraulic turbine, lost work in, Hydraulic resistance, in flow of supercritical fluids, Hydraulically smooth surface, Hydrazine: Hydrocarbons: Hydrodynamic entrance length, in single-phase flow in ducts, Hydrogen: Hydrogen bromide: Hydrogen chloride: Hydrogen cyanide: Hydrogen fluoride: Hydrogen iodide: Hydrogen peroxide: Hydrogen sulfide: Hydrostatic testing of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hysteresis:
I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
H Heat exchangers: condensers,
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Introduction

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000260

3.4.1 Introduction

David Butterworth

As the name implies, a condenser is a heat exchanger used to convert vapour into liquid. The vapour may be a single component or a mixture. In either case, if it is possible to condense all the vapour, the exchanger is referred to as a Total Condenser. If, however, non-condensable gas is mixed with the vapour, it is not possible to condense all the vapour because the non-condensable leaving the condenser will be saturated with vapour. Hence, such an exchangers is called a Partial Condenser.

So called total condensers will almost always have trace non-condensable present but these can often be ignored in the thermal design except for ensuring that provision is made to prevent accumulation of non-condensable during long-term operation Such removal is normally by venting although it may rarely be possible to rely on the non-condensable being desolved in the condensate.

This section of HEDH is concerned with exchangers whose primary purpose is condensation. There are many cases, however, where the condensation is only there to supply heat needed for another stream which may be single-phase or vaporising. The vapour undergoing condensation in such cases is normally service steam. While the general principles described here will still apply to such exchangers, the design will be mainly dictated by the stream being heated or vaporised. Other sections of this Handbook should therefore be consulted in these cases. These are Section 3.3 for single-phase heating, 3.5 for evaporators and 3.6 for reboilers.

In most cases, the condensing stream is separated from the coolant by a solid wall (usually metal) which may be a plate or a tube wall. The term surface condenser can be used to describe this arrangement although this name tends to be confined to tubular condensers used in the power industry The alternative, is a direct contact condenser where the coolant is sprayed or poured directly into the vapour. Clearly, this arrangement is only possible if the condensate and coolant may remain mixed or if they are immiscible to enable separation. Direct contact condensers are discussed in Section 3.19.

This section of HEDH is concerned mainly with shell-and-tube condensers. It should be noted, however, that other exchanger types may be used as condensers. These are listed below together with the section of this Handbook where more information may be found (where no section number is given, there is nothing yet in the Handbook).

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