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HEDH
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
McNaught, J M, Macdonald equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop, Mach number, Macleod-Sugden method for surface tension Macrolayer consumption model for critical heat flux in pool boiling, Maddox, R N Magnetic fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials, Magnetic devices, for fouling mitigation, Magnetohydrodynamcs, inaugmentation of heat transfer in microfluidic systems, Margarine manufacture, crystallization of edible oils and fats in, scraped surface heat exchangers for, Marlotherm, heat transfer media, Martensitic stainless steels, Martin, H Martinelli and Boelter equations for combined free and forced convection, Martinelli and Nelson correlations: Mass absorption coefficient, Mass extinction coefficient, Mass fraction, in multicomponent mixtures, Mass scattering coefficient, Mass transfer: Mass transfer coefficient: Materials of construction, for heat exchangers, Low temperature operation, ASME VIII code guidelines for, Matovosian, Robert, Matrix inversion techniques, in radiative heat transfer, Maximum drag reduction Maximum velocities (in shell-and-tube heat exchangers) Maxwell model, for non-Newtonian fluid, Maxwell-Stefan equations, for multicomponent diffusion, Maxwell's equations, for electromagnetic radiation, Mean beam length concept, in radiative heat transfer: Mean phase content, Mean temperature difference: Measurement of fouling resistance, Mechanical design of heat exchangers: Mechanical draft cooling towers, Mechanical loads, specifications in EN13445, Mechanical vapour compression cycles in refrigeration, Mediatherm, heat transfer medium, Melo, L F, Melting, thermal conduction in, Melting point: Mercury: Merilo correlation, for critical heat flux in horizontal tubes, Merkel's equation, in cooling tower design, Mertz, R, Metais and Eckert diagrams, for regimes of convection: Metals: Metallurgical industry, kilns and furnaces for, Metastable equilibrium, of vapor and liquid, Methane: Methanol: Methyl acetate: Methylacetylene: Methyl acrylate: Methyl amine n-Methylaniline: Methyl benzoate: 2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene (Isoprene): 2-Methylbutane (isopentane): Methylbutanoate: 2-Methyl-2-butene: Methylcyclohexane: Methylcyclopentane: Methylethylketone: Methyl formate: Metallurgical slag, use of submerged combustion in reprocessing of, Methyl fluorate: 2-Methylhexane: Methylisobutylketone: Methylmercaptan: 1-Methylnaphthalene: 2-Methylnaphthalene: 2-Methylpentane: 3-Methylpentane: 2-Methylpropane (isobutane): 2-Methylpropene: Methyl propionate: Methylpropylether: Methylpropyl ketone: Methyl salicylate: Methyl-t-butyl ether: Microbubbles, for drag reduction, Microchannels (see also microfluidics) Micro-fin tubes: Microfluidics, enhancement of heat transfer in, Mie scattering, in pulverized coal combustion, Miller, C J Miller, E R Mineral oils, as heat transfer media, physical properties of, Mineral wool production, submerged combustion systems for, Minimum fluidization velocity, Minimum heat flux in pool boiling: Minimum tubeside velocity, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Minimum velocity for fluidization, Minimum wetting rate, for binary mixtures, Mirror-image concept, in radiative heat transfer, Mirrors, spectral characteristics of reflectance from, Mishkinis, D, Mist flow: Mitigation of fouling, Mixed convection occurrence in horiozntal circular pipe, Metais and Eckert diagram for, Mixing (shell-side), in twisted tube heat exchangers, Mixing length, in turbulent flow, Mixtures: Modelling, of fouling: Models, theory of, Modulus of elasticity: Moffat, R S M, Molecular gas radiation properties, Molecular weight: Mollier chart, for humid air, Momentum equation: Monitoring, on line, of fouling, Monochloroacetic acid: Monte Carlo methods, in radiative heat transfer, Moody chart: Morris, M Mostinski correlations: Moving bed, heat transfer to, Muchowski, E, Mueller, A C Muller-Steinhagen, H Multicomponent mixtures: Multidimensional systems, heat conduction in, Multiflux methods, for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases, Multipass shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Multiphase fluid flow and pressure drop: Multiple duties, in plate heat exchangers, Multiple effect evaporation, Multiple hairpin heat exchanger, Multistage flash evaporation (MSF) Multizone model, for furnaces,
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Selection of condenser types

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000261

3.4.2 Selection of condenser types

The art of condenser design involves evaluation of the specified process conditions, together with other potential physical, thermal, and economic limits in order to select potential types of condensers, which are then subjected to rating calculations to determine the sire or capacity. The several designs are then evaluated to determine the best economic choice. This design must meet certain basic requirements: (1) it must be operable over a range of conditions including design point; (2) it must be capable of economic fabrications; and (3) it must meet other specific limitations that may be imposed, such as size, weight, or maintenance.

The selection of suitable types of condensers involves the consideration of numerous conflicting requirements. The principal factors involved in selecting a suitable type of condenser depends on whether condensation is total or partial, whether the vapors are single or multicomponent, and whether some components are noncondensable. The coolant can impose further restrictions, particularly if it vaporizes. The additional requirement for condensate subcooling within the condenser also influences the condenser type. The various classes of condensation are indicated in Figure 1 and Figure 2. These charts are for a preliminary selection of condenser types to be evaluated. In them 3 preliminary screening is done via the line network to separate the unusual conditions that may limit the choice of types. A secondary table then gives opinions on the applicability and predictability of the various types of condensers. Here a careful examination of secondary factors will further narrow the choice of condenser types. There are coded numbers for various classes or individual types of condensers that pertain to special comments, advantages, or disadvantages. These comments will also aid in making a decision. There are two charts, one for total condensation and one for partial condensation.

              
* See comments for Carts 1 and 2.
 Acceptability: G = good, F = fair, P = poor, X = not applicable or not recommended. Predictability: = average  25%, = fair < 50%, = poor 50 + %, ⊗ = no method or not recommended.
Tube-side condensation
4, 11 *
Shell-side condensation
2, 3, 12
Direct
contact
condensation
14
Horisontal
8
Vertical
13
Horisontal
1
Vertical
5, 10
Downflow
7
Upnflow
6, 9
Cross "X"
10
BaffledDownflowUpflow
Single-component
 vapor

G   

G  

F  

G  

G  

G  

G  

G  
Multicomponent
 vapor

F  

G  

F  

G  

G  
 18

G  

F  

P  
Subcooled
 condensate

P  ⊗

G  

X  ⊗

F  

P  

F  

X  ⊗

X  ⊗
Pressure drop
 Hight
 Low

G  
P

G  
F

X  
G

G  
G

G  
F

G  
G

X  
F

X  ⊗
G
Coolant
 Liquid
 Gas
 Boiling

G
G
G

G
G
G

G
G
G

G
G
X

G
G
X

G
G
G

G
G
G

G
X
X

Figure 1 Preliminary condenser selection chart for total condensation


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