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Wadekar, V
Wagner equation, for vapour pressure,
Wake, Coles law of the,
Wall layer transmissivity,
Wall temperature:
Wallis correlations:
Wallis criterion, for transition from stratified to annular flow, applications in condensation,
Walz' method, for laminar boundary layers,
Waste heat boilers,
Waste water, fouling by,
Water:
Watertube boiler,
Wavelengths, of blackbody radiation,
Waves, interfacial, effect on film condensation on vertical surface,
Wavy fins, in plate fin exchangers,
Webb, D R
Webb, R L
Weber, M,
Weber number,
Weil, C J
Welded channel head, in shell-and tube heat exchanger,
Welded fins:
Welded plate exchangers:
Welding:
Welds:
Wentz and Thodos equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop,
Wet-bulb temperature,
Wettability, of surface, effect on pool boiling,
Whalley and Hewitt correlations:
White-Metzner model, for non-Newtonian fluid,
Wicks, for heat pipes:
Wilday, A J
Wildsmith, G,
Wills-Johnson flow stream analysis method for segmentally baffled shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Wilson, D I
Window zone, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Winter, H H,
Wire matrix inserts, in heat exchangers,
Wirth, K E,
Wispy annular flow, regions of occurrence of,
Work (in exergy analysis)
Working fluid, selection of for heat pipe,
Index
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R
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Wadekar, V
Wagner equation, for vapour pressure,
Wake, Coles law of the,
Wall layer transmissivity,
Wall temperature:
Wallis correlations:
Wallis criterion, for transition from stratified to annular flow, applications in condensation,
Walz' method, for laminar boundary layers,
Waste heat boilers,
Waste water, fouling by,
Water:
Watertube boiler,
Wavelengths, of blackbody radiation,
Waves, interfacial, effect on film condensation on vertical surface,
Wavy fins, in plate fin exchangers,
Webb, D R
Webb, R L
Weber, M,
Weber number,
Weil, C J
Welded channel head, in shell-and tube heat exchanger,
Welded fins:
Welded plate exchangers:
Welding:
Welds:
Wentz and Thodos equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop,
Wet-bulb temperature,
Wettability, of surface, effect on pool boiling,
Whalley and Hewitt correlations:
White-Metzner model, for non-Newtonian fluid,
Wicks, for heat pipes:
Wilday, A J
Wildsmith, G,
Wills-Johnson flow stream analysis method for segmentally baffled shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Wilson, D I
Window zone, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Winter, H H,
Wire matrix inserts, in heat exchangers,
Wirth, K E,
Wispy annular flow, regions of occurrence of,
Work (in exergy analysis)
Working fluid, selection of for heat pipe,
X
Y
Z
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Selection of Working Fluid
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000314
3.10.5 Selection of working fluid
D. Mishkinis
The selection of the working fluid of a Heat Pipe should be made according to the following criteria:
- Freezing, boiling and critical points in must be consistent with the operating temperature range.
- High liquid and vapor densities and high latent heat of vaporization are desirable in order to transfer large amounts of heat with a minimum fluid flow.
- A high value of surface tension is desirable in order to provide satisfactory capillary pumping, to enable the operation against gravity and generate a high capillary driving force.
- Low vapor and liquid viscosities mean less friction among the fluid molecules, so that the resistance to fluid flow will be minimized.
- High thermal conductivity to aid heat transfer between fluid, wall and wick.
- Good wetting characteristics (small contact angle) to provide satisfactory capillary pumping.
- Compatibility in relation to corrosion and non condensable gas formation with container wall and wick.
- Chemical stability.
- Environmental acceptability (need to avoid CFC’s).
- Safety: toxicity or health hazard, flammability and reactivity risks.
- Available and inexpensive in high-purity (chemical grade) state.
- Fulfillment of other special requirements defined by the Heat Pipe application.
It is useful to define a fluid property group that known as the liquid figure of merit (Chi, 1976) as follows:
\[\label{eq1}N_l=\frac{\rho_l\cdot\Delta h_v\cdot\sigma}{\eta_l}\tag{1}\]
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