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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Kandlikar correlation, for forced convective boiling, Katto and Ohne correlation, for critical heat flux in forced convective boiling, Kaunas correlation, for heat transfer in staggered high fin tube banks, Kern method, for shell-side heat transfer in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Kern-Seaton model for fouling, Taborek modification of, Ketene: Ketones: Kettle reboilers: Kilger, H-J, Kinematic viscosity: Kirchoff's law, in radiative heat transfer, Klincewicz and Reid correlations: Knudsen, Jmes G
Overview and Summary Analysis of the Fouling Process Designing Heat Exchangers for Fouling Conditions Type of Heat Exchanger and Fouling Potential Fouling Mitigation and Heat Exchangers Cleaning
Kopp and Sayre method for pressure design of expansion bellows, Koslov, A, Kreglewski and Kay method for critical pressure of mixtures, Krypton: Kumar, H

Index

HEDH
A B C D E F G H I J K
Kandlikar correlation, for forced convective boiling, Katto and Ohne correlation, for critical heat flux in forced convective boiling, Kaunas correlation, for heat transfer in staggered high fin tube banks, Kern method, for shell-side heat transfer in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Kern-Seaton model for fouling, Taborek modification of, Ketene: Ketones: Kettle reboilers: Kilger, H-J, Kinematic viscosity: Kirchoff's law, in radiative heat transfer, Klincewicz and Reid correlations: Knudsen, Jmes G
Overview and Summary Analysis of the Fouling Process Designing Heat Exchangers for Fouling Conditions Type of Heat Exchanger and Fouling Potential Fouling Mitigation and Heat Exchangers Cleaning
Kopp and Sayre method for pressure design of expansion bellows, Koslov, A, Kreglewski and Kay method for critical pressure of mixtures, Krypton: Kumar, H
L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
K Knudsen, Jmes G
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Analysis of the Fouling Process

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000359

3.17.3 Analysis of the fouling process

J. G. Knudsen

A. Processes involved in fouling

Fouling of heat transfer surfaces is made up of at least five distinct processes, each of which may be subjected to analysis (Somerscales, 1981). These are:

  1. Processes in the body of the fluid.
  2. Transport to the heat transfer surface.
  3. Attachment or formation of the deposit at the heat transfer surface.
  4. Removal of material from the heat transfer surface by dissolution (material leaves in ionic form), erosion or re-entrainment (material leaves in particulate form), or spalling or sloughing (material leaves as a large mass).
  5. Transport of removed material into the body of the flowing fluid.

Epstein (1983) classified the processes in five main categories — initiation, transport, attachment, removal, and aging — and combined these in a 5 × 5 matrix that includes the five main types of fouling. Figure 1 shows the matrix and the areas that have received the most and the least attention from the standpoint of research. A research goal should be to fill in our knowledge in all 25 spaces of the matrix.

Figure 1 The 5 × 5 fouling matrix. From Epstein (1983)

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