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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Hagen-Poiseuille law Hagen-Rubens relation, between electrical and optical constants, Hall Taylor, N S, Halogenated hydrocarbons: Handley and Heggs equation for fixed bed pressure drop, Hankinson and Thomson method, for liquid density: Hardening (precipative) of stainless steels, Hardwick, R, Harris, D, Hausen equation for developing laminar flow, Hays, G F Headers in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Heads, in heat exchangers: Heat and mass transfer: Heat exchanger design, introduction, Heat exchangers:
condensers, corrosion and other damage, costing, definitions and quantitative relationships, description of, design, double pipe, effectiveness of: entropy generation in, F-correction method for F-factor charts for, fouling of, gas-liquid pressure drop in, heat pipe, mechanical design: air-cooled, networks of, pinch analysis method for, numerical solution methods for: with calculation of flow pattern, plate fin, plate, thermal design of, P-NTU method for practical aspects of operation, pressure drop in headers, nozzles, and turnarounds, representation as interpenetrating continua, safety of shell-and-tube (single phase), thermal design of suction line exchangers in refrigeration, twisted tube, with dimpled surfaces, with tube inserts,
Introduction benefits of, introduction to,
Θ-method for Θ-method chart for,
Heat of vaporisation (see Enthalpy of vaporisation), of pure substances Heat pipes: Heat pumping, relation to heat exchanger network design, Heat storage (see Regenerators and thermal energy storage) entropy generation in, Heat transfer: Heat transfer coefficient: Heat transfer media, Heat transfer salt, Heat transfer regimes: Heat of vaporization, Heated cavity reflectometer, Heating media, for reboilers, Heavy water, physical properties of, Heggs, P J, Helical coils of circular cross section: Helical coils of rectangular cross section, Helical inserts, for enhancement of heat transfer in boiling, Helium: Helmholtz reciprocity principle, in radiative heat transfer, Henry, J A R, Henry-Fauske model, for critical two-phase flow, Henry's law, for partial pressure, Heptadecane: Heptadecene: Heptane: 1-Heptanol: 1-Heptene: Herman, K W, Hermes, C L L, Heterogeneous conveyance in horizontal pipes, Heterogeneous nucleation in boiling, Hewitt, G F Hexachloroethane (Refrigerant 116): Hexacyclopentane, superheated vapor properties, Hexadecane: Hexadecene: 1,5-Hexadiene: Hexagonal cells, in free convection, Hexamethylbenzene: Hexane: Hexanoic acid: 1-Hexanol: 1-Hexene: Hexylbenzene: Hexylcyclohexane: Hexylcyclopentane, Hicks equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop, High pressure closures, ASME VIII code guidance for, High-chrome steels, thermal and mechanical properties, High-finned tubes, correlations for single-phase heat transfer in flow over, Hills, P D Hohlraum cavity, Holdup, in liquid-liquid flow, Holland, guide to national practice for mechanical design of heat exchangers, Homogeneous condensation (fog formation), Homogeneous model: Homogeneous nucleation: Honeycombs: Hopkins, D, Horizontal condensers: Horizontal cylinders: Horizontal layers, of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Horizontal pipes: Horizontal shell-side evaporator, Horizontal surfaces: Horizontal thermosiphon reboilers: Horizontal tube-side evaporator, Horizontal tubes: Hottel's rule, in absorption of radiation by gases, Hsu criterion, for onset of nucleate boiling, Hybrid cooling towers, Hydraulic conveyance: Hydraulic expansion, of tubes into tube sheets in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hydraulic turbine, lost work in, Hydraulic resistance, in flow of supercritical fluids, Hydraulically smooth surface, Hydrazine: Hydrocarbons: Hydrodynamic entrance length, in single-phase flow in ducts, Hydrogen: Hydrogen bromide: Hydrogen chloride: Hydrogen cyanide: Hydrogen fluoride: Hydrogen iodide: Hydrogen peroxide: Hydrogen sulfide: Hydrostatic testing of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hysteresis:

Index

HEDH
A B C D E F G H
Hagen-Poiseuille law Hagen-Rubens relation, between electrical and optical constants, Hall Taylor, N S, Halogenated hydrocarbons: Handley and Heggs equation for fixed bed pressure drop, Hankinson and Thomson method, for liquid density: Hardening (precipative) of stainless steels, Hardwick, R, Harris, D, Hausen equation for developing laminar flow, Hays, G F Headers in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Heads, in heat exchangers: Heat and mass transfer: Heat exchanger design, introduction, Heat exchangers:
condensers, corrosion and other damage, costing, definitions and quantitative relationships, description of, design, double pipe, effectiveness of: entropy generation in, F-correction method for F-factor charts for, fouling of, gas-liquid pressure drop in, heat pipe, mechanical design: air-cooled, networks of, pinch analysis method for, numerical solution methods for: with calculation of flow pattern, plate fin, plate, thermal design of, P-NTU method for practical aspects of operation, pressure drop in headers, nozzles, and turnarounds, representation as interpenetrating continua, safety of shell-and-tube (single phase), thermal design of suction line exchangers in refrigeration, twisted tube, with dimpled surfaces, with tube inserts,
Introduction benefits of, introduction to,
Θ-method for Θ-method chart for,
Heat of vaporisation (see Enthalpy of vaporisation), of pure substances Heat pipes: Heat pumping, relation to heat exchanger network design, Heat storage (see Regenerators and thermal energy storage) entropy generation in, Heat transfer: Heat transfer coefficient: Heat transfer media, Heat transfer salt, Heat transfer regimes: Heat of vaporization, Heated cavity reflectometer, Heating media, for reboilers, Heavy water, physical properties of, Heggs, P J, Helical coils of circular cross section: Helical coils of rectangular cross section, Helical inserts, for enhancement of heat transfer in boiling, Helium: Helmholtz reciprocity principle, in radiative heat transfer, Henry, J A R, Henry-Fauske model, for critical two-phase flow, Henry's law, for partial pressure, Heptadecane: Heptadecene: Heptane: 1-Heptanol: 1-Heptene: Herman, K W, Hermes, C L L, Heterogeneous conveyance in horizontal pipes, Heterogeneous nucleation in boiling, Hewitt, G F Hexachloroethane (Refrigerant 116): Hexacyclopentane, superheated vapor properties, Hexadecane: Hexadecene: 1,5-Hexadiene: Hexagonal cells, in free convection, Hexamethylbenzene: Hexane: Hexanoic acid: 1-Hexanol: 1-Hexene: Hexylbenzene: Hexylcyclohexane: Hexylcyclopentane, Hicks equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop, High pressure closures, ASME VIII code guidance for, High-chrome steels, thermal and mechanical properties, High-finned tubes, correlations for single-phase heat transfer in flow over, Hills, P D Hohlraum cavity, Holdup, in liquid-liquid flow, Holland, guide to national practice for mechanical design of heat exchangers, Homogeneous condensation (fog formation), Homogeneous model: Homogeneous nucleation: Honeycombs: Hopkins, D, Horizontal condensers: Horizontal cylinders: Horizontal layers, of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Horizontal pipes: Horizontal shell-side evaporator, Horizontal surfaces: Horizontal thermosiphon reboilers: Horizontal tube-side evaporator, Horizontal tubes: Hottel's rule, in absorption of radiation by gases, Hsu criterion, for onset of nucleate boiling, Hybrid cooling towers, Hydraulic conveyance: Hydraulic expansion, of tubes into tube sheets in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hydraulic turbine, lost work in, Hydraulic resistance, in flow of supercritical fluids, Hydraulically smooth surface, Hydrazine: Hydrocarbons: Hydrodynamic entrance length, in single-phase flow in ducts, Hydrogen: Hydrogen bromide: Hydrogen chloride: Hydrogen cyanide: Hydrogen fluoride: Hydrogen iodide: Hydrogen peroxide: Hydrogen sulfide: Hydrostatic testing of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Hysteresis:
I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
H Heat exchangers: with tube inserts,
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Introduction

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000381

3.21.1 Introduction

John M. Ritchie and Peter Droegemueller

Section 178 outlines a number of passive and active methods for the enhancement of heat transfer, and this section will deal with one of the most commonly-used passive methods, the tube insert. Inserts are becoming more widely used in both single- and multi-phase applications, although are more prominent in the former. Of the various passive enhancement methods that are suitable for single-phase applications, displaced enhancement devices, swirl-flow devices, or hybrids of the two are in common use.

In two-fluid heat exchangers, it is the ratio of thermal resistances that will be of primary importance in determining to which side of the exchanger an enhancement method should be implemented in order to be of benefit. Enhancement is employed in order to reduce the controlling thermal resistance and thus improve the overall heat transfer coefficient across the interface. Consider, for the purpose of illustration, a shell-and-tube exchanger running water on the shell side and oil on the tubeside, with the heat transfer coefficients for the shell and tubeside being 2.5 and 0.5 kW/m2K, respectively. Assuming a thin tube wall with negligible resistance and no resistance due to fouling, the overall thermal resistance would be given by

\(\dfrac{1}{U}=\dfrac{1}{\alpha_i}+\dfrac{1}{\alpha_o}=2.0+0.4=\) 2.4 m2 K/kW

The proportion of the overall thermal resistance contributed by the tubeside would therefore be 2.0/2.4 = 83%. This system is clearly tubeside controlled, so would be a candidate for the use of tube inserts. Use of a shell side enhancement method (external fins, for example) would not have a significant impact on the overall heat transfer performance. Fundamentally, the use of any enhancement method serves to reduce the thermal resistance per unit length on the side of the exchanger in question. Any one of the following objectives may justify the use of tube inserts:

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