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Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow,
Balance equation (applied to complete equipment),
Band dryer:
Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes,
Basket-type evaporator,
Barbosa, J R Jr,
Bateman, G,
Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of,
Bayonet tube evaporators,
Beaton, C F,
Beer-Lambert law,
Bejan, A,
Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation,
Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers,
Bends:
Benzaldehyde:
Benzene:
Benzoic acid:
Benzonitrile:
Benzophenone:
Benzyl alcohol:
Benzyl chloride:
Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface,
Bergles, Arthur E,
Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders,
Bimetallic tubes:
Binary mixtures:
Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian),
Biofouling,
Biot number:
Biphenyl:
Bismarck A,
Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by,
Black surface:
Blackbody radiation,
Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers,
Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation,
Blasius equation for friction factor,
Blenkin, R,
Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for,
Boilers:
Boiling:
Boiling curve:
Boiling length:
Boiling number, definition,
Boiling point, normal,
Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures):
Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes,
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in,
Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in,
Bolting,
Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Boltzmann's constant,
Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Borishanski, V M,
Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling,
Bott, T R,
Boundary layer:
Boussinesq approximations:
Boussinesq number, definition,
Bowring correlations for critical heat flux,
Bracket supports for heat exchangers:
Brauner, N,
Brazed plate exchanger,
Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction,
Bricks, drying of,
Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation,
Brinkman number,
Brittle fracture,
Bromine:
Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders,
Bromobenzene:
Bromoethane:
Bromomethane:
Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1):
Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation,
BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500),
Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux,
Bubble flow:
Bubbles:
Bulk viscosity,
Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers,
Bundle layout, in condensers
Buoyancy effects:
Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with,
Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations,
1,2-Butadiene:
1,3-Butadiene:
Butane:
1-Butanol:
2-Butanol:
Butene-1:
cis-2-Butene:
trans-2-Butene:
Butterworth, D,
Butyl acetate:
t-Butyl alcohol:
Butylamine:
Butylbenzene:
n-Butylbenzene:
n-Butylcyclohexane:
Butylcyclopentane:
Butylene oxide:
Butyr-aldehyde:
Butyric acid:
Butyronitrile:
Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
Index
HEDH
A
B
Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers:
Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow,
Balance equation (applied to complete equipment),
Band dryer:
Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes,
Basket-type evaporator,
Barbosa, J R Jr,
Bateman, G,
Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of,
Bayonet tube evaporators,
Beaton, C F,
Beer-Lambert law,
Bejan, A,
Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation,
Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers,
Bends:
Benzaldehyde:
Benzene:
Benzoic acid:
Benzonitrile:
Benzophenone:
Benzyl alcohol:
Benzyl chloride:
Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface,
Bergles, Arthur E,
Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders,
Bimetallic tubes:
Binary mixtures:
Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian),
Biofouling,
Biot number:
Biphenyl:
Bismarck A,
Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by,
Black surface:
Blackbody radiation,
Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers,
Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation,
Blasius equation for friction factor,
Blenkin, R,
Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for,
Boilers:
Boiling:
Boiling curve:
Boiling length:
Boiling number, definition,
Boiling point, normal,
Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures):
Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes,
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in,
Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger,
Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in,
Bolting,
Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Boltzmann's constant,
Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger,
Borishanski, V M,
Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling,
Bott, T R,
Boundary layer:
Boussinesq approximations:
Boussinesq number, definition,
Bowring correlations for critical heat flux,
Bracket supports for heat exchangers:
Brauner, N,
Brazed plate exchanger,
Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction,
Bricks, drying of,
Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation,
Brinkman number,
Brittle fracture,
Bromine:
Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders,
Bromobenzene:
Bromoethane:
Bromomethane:
Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1):
Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation,
BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500),
Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux,
Bubble flow:
Bubbles:
Bulk viscosity,
Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers,
Bundle layout, in condensers
Buoyancy effects:
Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with,
Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations,
1,2-Butadiene:
1,3-Butadiene:
Butane:
1-Butanol:
2-Butanol:
Butene-1:
cis-2-Butene:
trans-2-Butene:
Butterworth, D,
Butyl acetate:
t-Butyl alcohol:
Butylamine:
Butylbenzene:
n-Butylbenzene:
n-Butylcyclohexane:
Butylcyclopentane:
Butylene oxide:
Butyr-aldehyde:
Butyric acid:
Butyronitrile:
Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
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Types of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000414
4.2.3 Types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers
E. A. D. Saunders
A. Introduction
Heat transfer equipment may be designated by type or by the function it performs, such as chiller, condenser, cooler, heater, reboilcr, vaporizer, and so on. The choice of shell-and-tube heat exchanger type is governed chiefly by factors such as provision for differential movement between shell and tubes, design pressure, design temperature, and fouling nature of the fluids, rather than the function. Almost all exchanger types can perform any function. The various shell-and-tube heat exchanger types, and their variations, are described below, the type letter relating to the particular designation system referred to earlier in Section 413B. Nomenclature for heat exchanger components is summarized in Table 1. The features of the various types are summarized in Table 2.
Table 1 Nomenclature for heat exchanger components (applicable to Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9)
| Number | Component | Number | Component |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shell | 16 | Stationary-head nozzle |
| 2 | Real-head dished cover | 17 | Stationary-head cover flange |
| 3 | Floating tubesheet | 18 | Stationary-head/tubesheet flange |
| 4 | Floating-head cover | 19 | Shell flange at stationary head |
| 5 | Floating-head backing ring | 20 | Shell flange at rear head |
| 6 | Floating-head cover flange | 21 | Rear-head flange at shell |
| 7 | Stationary-head cover | 22 | Rear-head barrel |
| 8 | Tie rods and spacers | 23 | Stationary-head barrel |
| 9 | Baffle | 24 | Packing |
| 10 | Stationary tubesheet | 25 | Packing follower ring |
| 11 | Pass partition plate | 26 | Packing box flange |
| 12 | Tubes | 27 | Floating tubesheet skirt |
| 13 | Support saddle | 28 | Slip-on backing flange |
| 14 | Expansion bellows | 29 | Split shear ring |
| 15 | Shell nozzle | 30 | Lantern ring with weep hole |
Table 2 Types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Summary of features
| Characteristic tubesheet (tupe L, M, N) | Fixed (tupe U) | U tube | Split-backing-ring floating head (type S) | Pull-through floating head (type T) | Packed-lantem-ring floating head (type W) | Outside-packed floating head (type P) | Bayonet tube |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Does it provide for differential movement between shell and tubes? | Yes – with bellows in shell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Is tube bundle removable? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes a |
| Is replacement bundle possible? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes a |
| Can individual tubes be removed and replaced? | Yes | Outer tubes only | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Method of cleaning inside | Any | Chemical | Any | Any | Any | Any | Any |
| Method of cleaning outside b | Chemical | Any | Any | Any | Any | Any | Any a |
| Number of tube-side passes | Any | Any even number | One or any even number c | One or any even number c | One or two only d | Any e | One (special) |
| Is double tubesheet construction permissible? | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Are there internal gaskots? | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Approx diametral clearonce, mm (Shell ID-OTL) f | 11 to 18 | 11 to 18 | 35 to 50 | 95 to 160 | 15 to 35 | 25 to 50 | 11 to 18 |
b Extemal mechanical cleaning possible only with square or rotated square pitch, or unusually wide triangular pitch.
c One-pass construction requires packed gland or bellows at floating head. See Figure 416.4 and Figure 416.5.
d Tube-side nozzles must be at stationary end for two passes.
e Axial nozzle required at rear end for odd number of passes.
f Subject to comments given in Section 416D and Section 416E.
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