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McNaught, J M,
Macdonald equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop,
Mach number,
Macleod-Sugden method for surface tension
Macrolayer consumption model for critical heat flux in pool boiling,
Maddox, R N
Magnetic fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials,
Magnetic devices, for fouling mitigation,
Magnetohydrodynamcs, inaugmentation of heat transfer in microfluidic systems,
Margarine manufacture, crystallization of edible oils and fats in, scraped surface heat exchangers for,
Marlotherm, heat transfer media,
Martensitic stainless steels,
Martin, H
Martinelli and Boelter equations for combined free and forced convection,
Martinelli and Nelson correlations:
Mass absorption coefficient,
Mass extinction coefficient,
Mass fraction, in multicomponent mixtures,
Mass scattering coefficient,
Mass transfer:
Mass transfer coefficient:
Materials of construction, for heat exchangers,
Introduction
in ASME VIII,
in EN13445,
materials for corrosive service,
materials for noncorrosive service,
product forms,
testing and inspection of,
Low temperature operation, ASME VIII code guidelines for,
Matovosian, Robert,
Matrix inversion techniques, in radiative heat transfer,
Maximum drag reduction
Maximum velocities (in shell-and-tube heat exchangers)
Maxwell model, for non-Newtonian fluid,
Maxwell-Stefan equations, for multicomponent diffusion,
Maxwell's equations, for electromagnetic radiation,
Mean beam length concept, in radiative heat transfer:
Mean phase content,
Mean temperature difference:
Measurement of fouling resistance,
Mechanical design of heat exchangers:
Mechanical draft cooling towers,
Mechanical loads, specifications in EN13445,
Mechanical vapour compression cycles in refrigeration,
Mediatherm, heat transfer medium,
Melo, L F,
Melting, thermal conduction in,
Melting point:
Mercury:
Merilo correlation, for critical heat flux in horizontal tubes,
Merkel's equation, in cooling tower design,
Mertz, R,
Metais and Eckert diagrams, for regimes of convection:
Metals:
Metallurgical industry, kilns and furnaces for,
Metastable equilibrium, of vapor and liquid,
Methane:
Methanol:
Methyl acetate:
Methylacetylene:
Methyl acrylate:
Methyl amine
n-Methylaniline:
Methyl benzoate:
2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene (Isoprene):
2-Methylbutane (isopentane):
Methylbutanoate:
2-Methyl-2-butene:
Methylcyclohexane:
Methylcyclopentane:
Methylethylketone:
Methyl formate:
Metallurgical slag, use of submerged combustion in reprocessing of,
Methyl fluorate:
2-Methylhexane:
Methylisobutylketone:
Methylmercaptan:
1-Methylnaphthalene:
2-Methylnaphthalene:
2-Methylpentane:
3-Methylpentane:
2-Methylpropane (isobutane):
2-Methylpropene:
Methyl propionate:
Methylpropylether:
Methylpropyl ketone:
Methyl salicylate:
Methyl-t-butyl ether:
Microbubbles, for drag reduction,
Microchannels (see also microfluidics)
Micro-fin tubes:
Microfluidics, enhancement of heat transfer in,
Mie scattering, in pulverized coal combustion,
Miller, C J
Miller, E R
Mineral oils, as heat transfer media, physical properties of,
Mineral wool production, submerged combustion systems for,
Minimum fluidization velocity,
Minimum heat flux in pool boiling:
Minimum tubeside velocity, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Minimum velocity for fluidization,
Minimum wetting rate, for binary mixtures,
Mirror-image concept, in radiative heat transfer,
Mirrors, spectral characteristics of reflectance from,
Mishkinis, D,
Mist flow:
Mitigation of fouling,
Mixed convection occurrence in horiozntal circular pipe, Metais and Eckert diagram for,
Mixing (shell-side), in twisted tube heat exchangers,
Mixing length, in turbulent flow,
Mixtures:
Modelling, of fouling:
Models, theory of,
Modulus of elasticity:
Moffat, R S M,
Molecular gas radiation properties,
Molecular weight:
Mollier chart, for humid air,
Momentum equation:
Monitoring, on line, of fouling,
Monochloroacetic acid:
Monte Carlo methods, in radiative heat transfer,
Moody chart:
Morris, M
Mostinski correlations:
Moving bed, heat transfer to,
Muchowski, E,
Mueller, A C
Muller-Steinhagen, H
Multicomponent mixtures:
Multidimensional systems, heat conduction in,
Multiflux methods, for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases,
Multipass shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Multiphase fluid flow and pressure drop:
Multiple duties, in plate heat exchangers,
Multiple effect evaporation,
Multiple hairpin heat exchanger,
Multistage flash evaporation (MSF)
Multizone model, for furnaces,
Index
HEDH
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
McNaught, J M,
Macdonald equation, for fixed-bed pressure drop,
Mach number,
Macleod-Sugden method for surface tension
Macrolayer consumption model for critical heat flux in pool boiling,
Maddox, R N
Magnetic fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials,
Magnetic devices, for fouling mitigation,
Magnetohydrodynamcs, inaugmentation of heat transfer in microfluidic systems,
Margarine manufacture, crystallization of edible oils and fats in, scraped surface heat exchangers for,
Marlotherm, heat transfer media,
Martensitic stainless steels,
Martin, H
Martinelli and Boelter equations for combined free and forced convection,
Martinelli and Nelson correlations:
Mass absorption coefficient,
Mass extinction coefficient,
Mass fraction, in multicomponent mixtures,
Mass scattering coefficient,
Mass transfer:
Mass transfer coefficient:
Materials of construction, for heat exchangers,
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Introduction
in ASME VIII,
in EN13445,
materials for corrosive service,
materials for noncorrosive service,
product forms,
testing and inspection of,
Low temperature operation, ASME VIII code guidelines for,
Matovosian, Robert,
Matrix inversion techniques, in radiative heat transfer,
Maximum drag reduction
Maximum velocities (in shell-and-tube heat exchangers)
Maxwell model, for non-Newtonian fluid,
Maxwell-Stefan equations, for multicomponent diffusion,
Maxwell's equations, for electromagnetic radiation,
Mean beam length concept, in radiative heat transfer:
Mean phase content,
Mean temperature difference:
Measurement of fouling resistance,
Mechanical design of heat exchangers:
Mechanical draft cooling towers,
Mechanical loads, specifications in EN13445,
Mechanical vapour compression cycles in refrigeration,
Mediatherm, heat transfer medium,
Melo, L F,
Melting, thermal conduction in,
Melting point:
Mercury:
Merilo correlation, for critical heat flux in horizontal tubes,
Merkel's equation, in cooling tower design,
Mertz, R,
Metais and Eckert diagrams, for regimes of convection:
Metals:
Metallurgical industry, kilns and furnaces for,
Metastable equilibrium, of vapor and liquid,
Methane:
Methanol:
Methyl acetate:
Methylacetylene:
Methyl acrylate:
Methyl amine
n-Methylaniline:
Methyl benzoate:
2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene (Isoprene):
2-Methylbutane (isopentane):
Methylbutanoate:
2-Methyl-2-butene:
Methylcyclohexane:
Methylcyclopentane:
Methylethylketone:
Methyl formate:
Metallurgical slag, use of submerged combustion in reprocessing of,
Methyl fluorate:
2-Methylhexane:
Methylisobutylketone:
Methylmercaptan:
1-Methylnaphthalene:
2-Methylnaphthalene:
2-Methylpentane:
3-Methylpentane:
2-Methylpropane (isobutane):
2-Methylpropene:
Methyl propionate:
Methylpropylether:
Methylpropyl ketone:
Methyl salicylate:
Methyl-t-butyl ether:
Microbubbles, for drag reduction,
Microchannels (see also microfluidics)
Micro-fin tubes:
Microfluidics, enhancement of heat transfer in,
Mie scattering, in pulverized coal combustion,
Miller, C J
Miller, E R
Mineral oils, as heat transfer media, physical properties of,
Mineral wool production, submerged combustion systems for,
Minimum fluidization velocity,
Minimum heat flux in pool boiling:
Minimum tubeside velocity, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Minimum velocity for fluidization,
Minimum wetting rate, for binary mixtures,
Mirror-image concept, in radiative heat transfer,
Mirrors, spectral characteristics of reflectance from,
Mishkinis, D,
Mist flow:
Mitigation of fouling,
Mixed convection occurrence in horiozntal circular pipe, Metais and Eckert diagram for,
Mixing (shell-side), in twisted tube heat exchangers,
Mixing length, in turbulent flow,
Mixtures:
Modelling, of fouling:
Models, theory of,
Modulus of elasticity:
Moffat, R S M,
Molecular gas radiation properties,
Molecular weight:
Mollier chart, for humid air,
Momentum equation:
Monitoring, on line, of fouling,
Monochloroacetic acid:
Monte Carlo methods, in radiative heat transfer,
Moody chart:
Morris, M
Mostinski correlations:
Moving bed, heat transfer to,
Muchowski, E,
Mueller, A C
Muller-Steinhagen, H
Multicomponent mixtures:
Multidimensional systems, heat conduction in,
Multiflux methods, for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases,
Multipass shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
Multiphase fluid flow and pressure drop:
Multiple duties, in plate heat exchangers,
Multiple effect evaporation,
Multiple hairpin heat exchanger,
Multistage flash evaporation (MSF)
Multizone model, for furnaces,
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Introduction
DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000431
4.5.1 Introduction
J. F. Lancaster
The selection of materials of construction for heat exchangers is in many instances influenced by the design of the equipment. Less often the properties of the required material dictate the type of design that can be used. The need for economy in material on the one hand, and for efficient heat transfer on the other, requires that when metals are used the heat exchange takes place across relatively thin sections, and this in turn means that the selected material must have sufficient corrosion resistance to operate for a reasonable time without perforation.
The fact that in almost every case heat interchange implies fluid flow means that the metal may also be exposed to erosion-corrosion or impingement, which increases the severity of any corrosive effect that may be present. On the other hand, there are cases where the corrosivity is too severe or the temperature too high for metals to be suitable. For highly corrosive conditions it may be necessary to use a brittle material such as glass or carbon, and the need to minimize exposure to stress is an important factor in determining the design. For high-temperature applications, refractory material may be required and the brittleness of refractories is a factor in the design of, for example, recuperators.
In the space available it will not be practicable to deal with materials for all the various types of interchangers. Moreover, there is some mention of materials in the chapters on special exchangers, and the elastic properties of heat exchanger materials are discussed in detail in Section 522 and #%SECTION_5.4.8_%#. Therefore, the present survey will be concerned mainly with shell-and-tube exchangers and air coolers. The available materials will be considered first, after which the various modes of deterioration that heat exchangers may suffer in service will be reviewed.
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