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Vacuum equipment, operational problems of, Vacuum operation, of reboilers, Valle, A, Valves: Vaned bends, single-phase flow and pressure drop in, Vapor blanketing, as mechanism of critical heat flux, Vapor injection, effect of on boiling heat transfer in tube bundles, Vapor-liquid disengagement, in kettle reboilers, Vapor-liquid separation, for evaporators, Vapor mixtures, condensation of, Vapor pressure, Vapor recompression, in evaporation, Vaporization, choice of evaporator type for, Vaporizer, double bundle, constructional features, Vapors, saturation properties of, Vapors, properties of superheated, Vasiliev, L, Vassilicos, J C, Velocity defect law: Velocity distribution: Velocity fluctuations, in turbulent pipe flow, Velocity ratio (slip ratio): Venting of condensers Vertical condensers: Vertical cylindrical fired heater, Vertical pipes: Vertical surfaces: Vertical thermosiphon reboilers: Vessels of non-circular cross section, design to ASME VIII code, Vessels of rectangular cross section, EN13445 guidance for, Vetere method, for enthalpy of vaporisation, Vibrated beds, heat transfer to, Vibration: Vinyl acetate: Vinyl benzene: Vinyl chloride: Virial equation: Virk equation for maximum drag reduction, Visco-elastic fluids, flow of, Viscometric functions (non-Newtonian flow), methods of determining, Viscosity: Viscosity number (Vi), Viscous dissipation, influence on heat transfer in non-Newtonian flows, Viscous heat generation, in scraped sauce heat exchangers, Viscous sublayer, in duct flow, Void fraction, Voidage, in fixed beds, definition, Volumetric heat transfer coefficient, Volumetric mass transfer coefficient, von Karman friction factor equation for fully rough surface, von Karman velocity defect law, Vortex flow, in helical coils of rectangular cross section, Vortex flow model, for twisted tube heat exchangers, Vortex shedding:
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Vapour Pressure, Enthalpies of Vaporisation and Boiling and Melting Points of Pure Fluids

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000500

5.1 PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS
5.1.3 Vapour pressures, enthalpies of vaporisation and boiling and melting points of pure fluids

A. Introduction

In this section we examine how to estimate vapour pressures, enthalpies of vaporisation and boiling and melting temperatures of pure fluids. These properties play an important role in the design and operation of many chemical and physical processes.

B. Vapour pressure

The work of Boublik et al. (1984) constitutes an excellent source of experimental data for more than 1,000 substances. Data are usually correlated as a function of temperature using either the Antoine equation or the more accurate Wagner equation. The Antoine equation is obtained from the Clapeyron equation and should only be used over the range of temperatures over which the coefficients A, B, and C have been determined. It is usually presented as:

\[\label{eq1} \ln(p/p^0)=A-\dfrac{B}{T+C}\,. \tag{1}\]

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