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Vacuum equipment, operational problems of, Vacuum operation, of reboilers, Valle, A, Valves: Vaned bends, single-phase flow and pressure drop in, Vapor blanketing, as mechanism of critical heat flux, Vapor injection, effect of on boiling heat transfer in tube bundles, Vapor-liquid disengagement, in kettle reboilers, Vapor-liquid separation, for evaporators, Vapor mixtures, condensation of, Vapor pressure, Vapor recompression, in evaporation, Vaporization, choice of evaporator type for, Vaporizer, double bundle, constructional features, Vapors, saturation properties of, Vapors, properties of superheated, Vasiliev, L, Vassilicos, J C, Velocity defect law: Velocity distribution: Velocity fluctuations, in turbulent pipe flow, Velocity ratio (slip ratio): Venting of condensers Vertical condensers: Vertical cylindrical fired heater, Vertical pipes: Vertical surfaces: Vertical thermosiphon reboilers: Vessels of non-circular cross section, design to ASME VIII code, Vessels of rectangular cross section, EN13445 guidance for, Vetere method, for enthalpy of vaporisation, Vibrated beds, heat transfer to, Vibration: Vinyl acetate: Vinyl benzene: Vinyl chloride: Virial equation: Virk equation for maximum drag reduction, Visco-elastic fluids, flow of, Viscometric functions (non-Newtonian flow), methods of determining, Viscosity: Viscosity number (Vi), Viscous dissipation, influence on heat transfer in non-Newtonian flows, Viscous heat generation, in scraped sauce heat exchangers, Viscous sublayer, in duct flow, Void fraction, Voidage, in fixed beds, definition, Volumetric heat transfer coefficient, Volumetric mass transfer coefficient, von Karman friction factor equation for fully rough surface, von Karman velocity defect law, Vortex flow, in helical coils of rectangular cross section, Vortex flow model, for twisted tube heat exchangers, Vortex shedding:
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Viscosity of Fluid Mixtures

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000505

5.2.3 Viscosity of fluid mixtures

A. Introduction

The viscosity of fluid mixtures is an important property and is required in the design of pumping systems, heat and mass transfer applications and the optimal selection of process equipment. Various schemes are available for the estimation of the viscosity of low and high pressure gas mixtures and saturated liquids. However, no reliable methods are yet available for the estimation of liquid mixtures under high pressure conditions.

B. Low-pressure gas mixture viscosity

Kinetic theory provides a framework for the development of predictive schemes for the calculation of the viscosity of low pressure gas mixtures. However, the final expressions are quite complex to implement and are therefore not widely used in practice. Furthermore, these methods require the viscosities of the pure components of the mixture of interest. In essence, these methods are interpolative. Although less theoretically rigorous, simplified schemes are available and are widely used for the estimation of the viscosity of low pressure gas mixtures. The techniques based on the principle of corresponding states, although less accurate are attractive since they do not require the viscosity of the pure components. Among the simplified schemes, the method of Reichenberg (1975, 1971), although still quite complex to use, yields accurate results. The corresponding states methods are easy to implement but are comparatively less accurate.

(a) Method of Reichenberg

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