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E-type shells in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Ebert and Panchal equation, for crude oil fouling, Eckert number, Eddy viscosity: Eddy diffusivity, of heat, Edge, D, Edwards, D K
Introduction Emissivity Data for Gases
EEC code for thermal design of heat exchangers, Effective diffusivity, Effective thermal conductivity of fixed beds, Effective tube length in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Effectiveness of a heat exchanger: Efficiency of fins, Eicosane: Eicosene: Ejectors, in flash distillation plant, EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for expansion bellows Elastic properties of solids: El-Dessouky, H, Electrical enhancement processes, in heat transfer augmentation, Electric fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials, Electric fields, in augmentation of condensation, Electrical process heater, specification of, Electrokinetics, for heat transfer augmentation in microfluidic systems, Electromagnetic theory of radiation, Electrostatic fields in augmentation of heat transfer, Elements: Elhadidy relation between heat and momentum transfer, Embedding methods for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases, Embittlement, of stainless steels, Emission of thermal radiation, in solids, Emissivity: Emitting media, interaction phenomena with, Emulsions, viscosity of, EN13445 (European Pressure Vessel Codes), design of heat exchangers to, Enclosures: Energy equation: Energy recovery, maximum, in heat exchanger network design, Enhanced surfaces, fouling in, Enhancement devices: Enlargements in pipes: Enthalpy: Entrainment in annular gas-liquid flow Entrance effects in heat and mass transfer: Entrance lengths, hydrodynamic in pipe flow, Entrance losses for tube inlet in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Entry losses in plate heat exchangers, Entropy generation and minimisation Environmental impact, of fouling, Eotvos number: Epstein, N, Epstein matrix, for fouling, Equalizing rings, for expansion bellows, Equilibrium interphase: Equilibrium vapor nucleus, Equivalent sand roughness, Ergun equation, for pressure drop in fixed beds ESDU correlations: Esters: Ethane: Ethanol: Ethers: Ethyl acetate: Ethylacetylene: Ethylacrylate: Ethylamine: Ethylbenzene: Ethyl benzoate: Ethyl butanoate: Ethylcyclohexane: Ethylcyclopentane: Ethyl formate: Ethylene: Ethylene diamine: Ethylene glycol: Ethylene oxide: Ethylmercaptan: 1-Ethylnaphthalene: 2-Ethylnaphthalene: Ethyl proprionate: Ethyl propylether: Ettouney, H, Euler number: Eutectic mixtures, condensation of forming immiscible liquids, Evaporation: Evaporative crystallisers, Evaporators: Exergy, definition of, Exergy analysis, Exit losses for tubes in shell-and-tube exchanger, Expansion bellows, for shell-and-tube heat exchangers: EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for Expansion joints, mechanical design of: Expansion of tubes into tube sheets: Expansion turbine, lost work in, Explosively clad plate, Explosive welding of tubes into tube sheets Explosive expansion joints, Extended surfaces (see also Fins) Externally induced convection, in kettle reboilers, Extinction coefficient, Extinction efficiency, Eyring fluid (non-Newtonian),

Index

HEDH
A B C D E
E-type shells in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Ebert and Panchal equation, for crude oil fouling, Eckert number, Eddy viscosity: Eddy diffusivity, of heat, Edge, D, Edwards, D K
Introduction Emissivity Data for Gases
EEC code for thermal design of heat exchangers, Effective diffusivity, Effective thermal conductivity of fixed beds, Effective tube length in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Effectiveness of a heat exchanger: Efficiency of fins, Eicosane: Eicosene: Ejectors, in flash distillation plant, EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for expansion bellows Elastic properties of solids: El-Dessouky, H, Electrical enhancement processes, in heat transfer augmentation, Electric fields, effect on properties of rheologically complex materials, Electric fields, in augmentation of condensation, Electrical process heater, specification of, Electrokinetics, for heat transfer augmentation in microfluidic systems, Electromagnetic theory of radiation, Electrostatic fields in augmentation of heat transfer, Elements: Elhadidy relation between heat and momentum transfer, Embedding methods for radiative heat transfer in nonisothermal gases, Embittlement, of stainless steels, Emission of thermal radiation, in solids, Emissivity: Emitting media, interaction phenomena with, Emulsions, viscosity of, EN13445 (European Pressure Vessel Codes), design of heat exchangers to, Enclosures: Energy equation: Energy recovery, maximum, in heat exchanger network design, Enhanced surfaces, fouling in, Enhancement devices: Enlargements in pipes: Enthalpy: Entrainment in annular gas-liquid flow Entrance effects in heat and mass transfer: Entrance lengths, hydrodynamic in pipe flow, Entrance losses for tube inlet in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Entry losses in plate heat exchangers, Entropy generation and minimisation Environmental impact, of fouling, Eotvos number: Epstein, N, Epstein matrix, for fouling, Equalizing rings, for expansion bellows, Equilibrium interphase: Equilibrium vapor nucleus, Equivalent sand roughness, Ergun equation, for pressure drop in fixed beds ESDU correlations: Esters: Ethane: Ethanol: Ethers: Ethyl acetate: Ethylacetylene: Ethylacrylate: Ethylamine: Ethylbenzene: Ethyl benzoate: Ethyl butanoate: Ethylcyclohexane: Ethylcyclopentane: Ethyl formate: Ethylene: Ethylene diamine: Ethylene glycol: Ethylene oxide: Ethylmercaptan: 1-Ethylnaphthalene: 2-Ethylnaphthalene: Ethyl proprionate: Ethyl propylether: Ettouney, H, Euler number: Eutectic mixtures, condensation of forming immiscible liquids, Evaporation: Evaporative crystallisers, Evaporators: Exergy, definition of, Exergy analysis, Exit losses for tubes in shell-and-tube exchanger, Expansion bellows, for shell-and-tube heat exchangers: EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association), standards for Expansion joints, mechanical design of: Expansion of tubes into tube sheets: Expansion turbine, lost work in, Explosively clad plate, Explosive welding of tubes into tube sheets Explosive expansion joints, Extended surfaces (see also Fins) Externally induced convection, in kettle reboilers, Extinction coefficient, Extinction efficiency, Eyring fluid (non-Newtonian),
F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
E Edwards, D K
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Emissivity Data for Gases

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000528

5.5 PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA TABLES
5.5.5 Emissivity data for gases

D.K. Edwards and R. Matavosian

Table 1a, Table 1b, and Table 1c present the total emissivity of water vapor, carbon dioxide gas, and a mixture as a function of PaL and Tg. The quantity is the partial pressure of the absorbing gas, H2O or CO2; L is the beam length of concern; and Tg is the gas temperature. The tables for the individual gases are presented for an equivalent broadening pressure ratio Pe of 1. The ratio is defined in the footnote to Table 1a and accounts for the fact that collisions between absorbing molecules and foreign gas molecules are less effective in broadening the absorption lines than absorber-absorber collisions. In the case of Table 1c the total pressure of the mixture is 1 atm. and the absorber partial pressure Pa is that of the H2O component in the mixture.

The tables are based on the information contained in Table 5-1 of Section 208 in the manner illustrated there in the sample calculations.

The emissivity grows with PaL because at constant Ts the number of absorbing molecules increases as PaL increases. At low values of PaL the emission is weak, and each additional molecule adds equally to the absorption; hence εg is linear in PaL. At higher values the addition of greater opacity at the centers of the lines has little additional effect there, but more is emitted between the lines. The εg integrated over the lines grows as \(\sqrt{P_a L}\). At still higher values of PaL, the addition of greater opacity even between the lines near the center of the absorption-emission band has little additional effect there, and εg grows primarily in the tails of the bands, in total even more slowly. Logarithmic interpolation in Table 1a, Table 1b, and Table 1c is recommended as follows:

\(\epsilon_{g}(P_{a}L) = \epsilon_{g}(P_{a}L_{2})\left(\frac{P_{a}L}{P_{a}L_{2}}\right)^{n}\notag\)

\(n = \frac{\log[\epsilon_{g}(P_{a}L_{2})/\epsilon_{g}(P_{a}L_{1})]}{\log(P_{a}L_{2}/P_{a}L_{1})}\notag\)

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