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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Lamella heat exchangers, Laminar flow: Laminar flow control, of boundary layers, Lancaster, J F, Langelier index for water quality, Large eddy simulation, in prediction of turbulent boundary layers, Laws for turbulent flows: Layers of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Le Fevre equations for free convective heat transfer, Leakage between streams, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers Leakage effects, on heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Leaks, in heat exchanger, sealing by explosive welding, Lebedev, M E, Lee and Kesler equation, for vapour pressure, L-footed fins, Lessing rings, characteristic of, as packings for fixed beds, Li equation, for critical temperature of mixtures, Lienhard and Dhir analysis of critical heat flux in pool boiling, Lienhard and Eichhorn criterion, for transition in critical heat flux mechanism in crossflow over single tube, Lift force: Liley, P E, Limb, D, Limpet coils: Linnhoff, B, Liquefaction, exergy analysis of, Liquid fluidized beds, Liquid fuels, properties of, Liquid hold-up, Liquid-liquid-gas flow, Liquid-liquid flow, Liquid metals: Liquid sheets, in direct contact heat transfer, Liquid-solid interfaces, fouling at, Liquids: Lister, D H, Local conditions hypothesis, for critical heat flux in flow boiling, Lockhart and Martinelli correlations: Lodge's rubberlike liquid (non-Newtonian), Logarithmic law region, Logarithmic mean temperature difference Longitudinal flow and heat transfer in tube banks, Long-tube vertical evaporator, Loss coefficient, Lost work in unit operations/exergy analysis, Louvered fins, in plate fin exchangers, Low-alloy steels:
as construction material in elevated temperature service, in low temperature service, selection of steel manufacture, thermal and mechanical properties,
Thermal and vechanical Properties of Heat Exchanger Construction Materials
welding of
Low-finned tubes: Low-nickel steels, Lubricants, physical properties: Lucas methods

Index

HEDH
A B C D E F G H I J K L
Lamella heat exchangers, Laminar flow: Laminar flow control, of boundary layers, Lancaster, J F, Langelier index for water quality, Large eddy simulation, in prediction of turbulent boundary layers, Laws for turbulent flows: Layers of fluid, free convection heat transfer in, Le Fevre equations for free convective heat transfer, Leakage between streams, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers Leakage effects, on heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Leaks, in heat exchanger, sealing by explosive welding, Lebedev, M E, Lee and Kesler equation, for vapour pressure, L-footed fins, Lessing rings, characteristic of, as packings for fixed beds, Li equation, for critical temperature of mixtures, Lienhard and Dhir analysis of critical heat flux in pool boiling, Lienhard and Eichhorn criterion, for transition in critical heat flux mechanism in crossflow over single tube, Lift force: Liley, P E, Limb, D, Limpet coils: Linnhoff, B, Liquefaction, exergy analysis of, Liquid fluidized beds, Liquid fuels, properties of, Liquid hold-up, Liquid-liquid-gas flow, Liquid-liquid flow, Liquid metals: Liquid sheets, in direct contact heat transfer, Liquid-solid interfaces, fouling at, Liquids: Lister, D H, Local conditions hypothesis, for critical heat flux in flow boiling, Lockhart and Martinelli correlations: Lodge's rubberlike liquid (non-Newtonian), Logarithmic law region, Logarithmic mean temperature difference Longitudinal flow and heat transfer in tube banks, Long-tube vertical evaporator, Loss coefficient, Lost work in unit operations/exergy analysis, Louvered fins, in plate fin exchangers, Low-alloy steels:
as construction material in elevated temperature service, in low temperature service, selection of steel manufacture, thermal and mechanical properties,
Thermal and vechanical Properties of Heat Exchanger Construction Materials
welding of
Low-finned tubes: Low-nickel steels, Lubricants, physical properties: Lucas methods
M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
L Low-alloy steels: thermal and mechanical properties,
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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Heat Exchanger Construction Materials

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000535

5.5 PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA TABLES 5.5.10 Properties of liquids at temperatures below their boiling points

5.5 PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA TABLES
5.5.12 Thermal and mechanical properties of heat exchanger construction material

Clive F. Beaton

This section provides data on the three essential properties of materials required for the design of heat exchangers, namely thermal conductivity, the mean coefficient of expansion (from ambient temperature to required temperature), and the modulus of elasticity. A wide variety of materials is used in practice, and the materials listed in the Standards of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) have been taken as a basis for this report, with a few additions. The Unified Numbering System (UNS) and the Werkstoff-Nummer (WN) or DIN-Norm (DIN) have been given where applicable.

Different data sources give large variations (frequently up to 25%) in the values of these properties at high and/or low temperatures. In particular, significant disagreement between ASME and TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers’ Association) tables is frequent. Where alternative sources have been referenced, preferred values have been adopted.

Data for many of the materials are available only at ambient temperatures, and values at other temperatures have been estimated by assuming the temperature variation to be similar for similar materials. Curves of property versus temperature sometimes exhibit maxima and minima, for example, in the thermal conductivity of some chromium steels or of aluminum alloys and in the coefficient of expansion of steels at high temperatures. In such cases it was not possible to extrapolate values from data over a limited temperature range because the point of inflection was unknown.

Values are given for carbon and low alloy steels (Table 1), high chrome steels (Table 2), nickel and nickel alloys (Table 3), copper and copper alloys (Table 4), aluminum alloys (Table 5), and titanium, zirconium, and cast iron (Table 6). Quantities and units used are: ρ, density (g/cm3); TC, thermal conductivity (W/m K); CE, coefficient of expansion (1/K), and ME, modulus of elasticity (GPa) (GPa = 109 Pa; 1 Pa = 1 N/m2; 1 psi = 6.894757×103 Pa).

Tabular information is given for the following materials:

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