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Nahme-Griffith number, Nakashima, CY Nanoparticles, for heat transfer augmentation, Naphthalene: Napthenes: National practice, in mechanical design, guide to, Natural convection: Natural draft cooling towers: Natural frequency of tube vibration in heat exchangers, Navier-Stokes equation, Neon: Neopentane: Net free area, in double-pipe heat exchangers, Netherlands, guide to national mechanical design practice, Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of, Neumann boundary conditions, finite difference method, Nickel, thermal and mechanical properties Nickel alloys, Nickel steels, Niessen, R, Nitric oxide: Nitriles: Nitrobenzene: Nitro derivatives: Nitroethane: Nitrogen: Nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen peroxide: Nitromethane: m-Nitrotoluene: Nitrous oxide Noise: Nonadecane: Nonadecene: Nonane: Nonene: Nonanol: Nonaqueous fluids, critical heat flux in, Non-circular microchannels: Noncondensables: Nondestructive testing, of heat exchangers Nongray media, interaction phenomena with, Nonmetallic materials: Non-Newtonian flow: Nonparticipating media, radiation interaction in, Nonuniform heat flux, critical heat flux with, Non-wetting surfaces, in condensation augmentation, North, C, No-tubes-in-window shells, calculation of heat transfer and pressure drop in, Nozzles:
design to ASME VIII, design to EN13445, design to PD5500 impinging jets from, heat transfer in, loads in, loss coefficients in, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: constructional features
Features Related to Thermal Design Features Relating to Mechanical Design and Fabrication description, impingement protection for, pressure change across inlet nozzle, pressure change across outlet nozzle,
Nowell, D G, Nucleate boiling: Nuclear industry, fouling problems in, Nucleation: Nucleation sites: Nuclei, formation in supersaturated vapor, Number of transfer units (NTU): Numerical methods: Nusselt: Nusselt-Graetz problem, in laminar heat transfer in ducts, Nusselt number:

Index

HEDH
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
Nahme-Griffith number, Nakashima, CY Nanoparticles, for heat transfer augmentation, Naphthalene: Napthenes: National practice, in mechanical design, guide to, Natural convection: Natural draft cooling towers: Natural frequency of tube vibration in heat exchangers, Navier-Stokes equation, Neon: Neopentane: Net free area, in double-pipe heat exchangers, Netherlands, guide to national mechanical design practice, Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of, Neumann boundary conditions, finite difference method, Nickel, thermal and mechanical properties Nickel alloys, Nickel steels, Niessen, R, Nitric oxide: Nitriles: Nitrobenzene: Nitro derivatives: Nitroethane: Nitrogen: Nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen peroxide: Nitromethane: m-Nitrotoluene: Nitrous oxide Noise: Nonadecane: Nonadecene: Nonane: Nonene: Nonanol: Nonaqueous fluids, critical heat flux in, Non-circular microchannels: Noncondensables: Nondestructive testing, of heat exchangers Nongray media, interaction phenomena with, Nonmetallic materials: Non-Newtonian flow: Nonparticipating media, radiation interaction in, Nonuniform heat flux, critical heat flux with, Non-wetting surfaces, in condensation augmentation, North, C, No-tubes-in-window shells, calculation of heat transfer and pressure drop in, Nozzles:
design to ASME VIII, design to EN13445, design to PD5500 impinging jets from, heat transfer in, loads in, loss coefficients in, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: constructional features
Features Related to Thermal Design Features Relating to Mechanical Design and Fabrication description, impingement protection for, pressure change across inlet nozzle, pressure change across outlet nozzle,
Nowell, D G, Nucleate boiling: Nuclear industry, fouling problems in, Nucleation: Nucleation sites: Nuclei, formation in supersaturated vapor, Number of transfer units (NTU): Numerical methods: Nusselt: Nusselt-Graetz problem, in laminar heat transfer in ducts, Nusselt number:
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
N Nozzles: in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: constructional features
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Features Related to Thermal Design

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000416

4.2.5 Features relating to thermal design

E. A. D. Saunders

A. Tubes

(a) Diameter and thickness

Small-diameter, closely packed tubes provide compact units, but the tubes may be difficult to clean both inside and outside; large-diameter, widely spaced tubes provide less compact units, but cleaning problems are reduced. The usual outside tube diameter range for petroleum and petrochemical applications is 15 mm to 32 mm, with 19 mm and 25 mm being the most common.

Tube thickness must be checked against internal and external pressure, but the diameters and thicknesses of tubes most commonly used can withstand appreciable pressure. For instance, a steel tube 19 mm in outside diameter, 2.1 mm thick, can withstand internal and external pressures of 16 and 7 MN/m2, respectively. Hence, in many applications tube thicknesses are selected on the basis of cost, corrosion resistance, and standardization rather than pressure. Typical thicknesses are as follows:

ODCarbon and low-
alloy steels		Stainless steels and
copper alloys
15.88 mm (1/4 in)1.65 mm (16 BWG)1.24 mm (18 BWG)
19.05 mm (1/4 in)2.11 mm (14 BWG)1.65 mm (16 BWG)
25.40 mm (1 in)2.77 mm (12 BWG)2.11 mm (14 BWG)
31.75 mm (1 1/4 in)3.40 mm (10 BWG)2.77 mm (12 BWG)

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