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design to ASME VIII, design to EN13445, design to PD5500 impinging jets from, heat transfer in, loads in, loss coefficients in, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: constructional features
Features Related to Thermal Design Features Relating to Mechanical Design and Fabrication description, impingement protection for, pressure change across inlet nozzle, pressure change across outlet nozzle,
Nowell, D G, Nucleate boiling: Nuclear industry, fouling problems in, Nucleation: Nucleation sites: Nuclei, formation in supersaturated vapor, Number of transfer units (NTU): Numerical methods: Nusselt: Nusselt-Graetz problem, in laminar heat transfer in ducts, Nusselt number:

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
Nahme-Griffith number, Nakashima, CY Nanoparticles, for heat transfer augmentation, Naphthalene: Napthenes: National practice, in mechanical design, guide to, Natural convection: Natural draft cooling towers: Natural frequency of tube vibration in heat exchangers, Navier-Stokes equation, Neon: Neopentane: Net free area, in double-pipe heat exchangers, Netherlands, guide to national mechanical design practice, Networks, of heat exchangers, pinch analysis method for design of, Neumann boundary conditions, finite difference method, Nickel, thermal and mechanical properties Nickel alloys, Nickel steels, Niessen, R, Nitric oxide: Nitriles: Nitrobenzene: Nitro derivatives: Nitroethane: Nitrogen: Nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen peroxide: Nitromethane: m-Nitrotoluene: Nitrous oxide Noise: Nonadecane: Nonadecene: Nonane: Nonene: Nonanol: Nonaqueous fluids, critical heat flux in, Non-circular microchannels: Noncondensables: Nondestructive testing, of heat exchangers Nongray media, interaction phenomena with, Nonmetallic materials: Non-Newtonian flow: Nonparticipating media, radiation interaction in, Nonuniform heat flux, critical heat flux with, Non-wetting surfaces, in condensation augmentation, North, C, No-tubes-in-window shells, calculation of heat transfer and pressure drop in, Nozzles:
design to ASME VIII, design to EN13445, design to PD5500 impinging jets from, heat transfer in, loads in, loss coefficients in, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: constructional features
Features Related to Thermal Design Features Relating to Mechanical Design and Fabrication description, impingement protection for, pressure change across inlet nozzle, pressure change across outlet nozzle,
Nowell, D G, Nucleate boiling: Nuclear industry, fouling problems in, Nucleation: Nucleation sites: Nuclei, formation in supersaturated vapor, Number of transfer units (NTU): Numerical methods: Nusselt: Nusselt-Graetz problem, in laminar heat transfer in ducts, Nusselt number:
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
N Nozzles: in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: constructional features
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Features Relating to Mechanical Design and Fabrication

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000417

4.2.6 Features relating to mechanical design and fabrication

E. A. D. Saunders

A. Barrels

The shell barrel must be straight and have no out-of-roundness, as a tightly fitting tube bundle must be inserted into it. Most shell and head barrels greater than about 450 mm in inside diameter are rolled from plate, as shown in Figure 1, and a complete shell barrel may comprise several smaller barrels, or strakes, welded together end to end. If there is any out-of-roundness, individual strakes are rerolled after welding the longitudinal seams. The longitudinal seams of adjoining strakes are always staggered. The inside diameter of a rolled shell should not exceed the design inside diameter by more than 3.2 mm (1/8 in) as determined by circumferential measurement. All internal welds must be made flush.

Figure 1 Rolling a shell barrel. Courtesy of Whessoe Heavy Engineering Ltd.,Darlington,England

When welding large nozzles to the shell, "sinkage" may occur at the nozzle/shell junction and effective measures, such as the use of temporary stiffening, must be taken to avoid it. Sinkage reduces the shell diameter at the nozzle/shell junction so that the baffle diameter must be reduced accordingly. The increased clearance between baffle and shell may result in reduced thermal performance.

Standard pipe less than 450 mm in diameter is usually available, and this will be used for the shell and head barrels instead of rolled plate. Depending on the fabricator's roll capacity, at thicknesses of the order of 80 mm and greater, or large thickness/diameter ratios, it may be necessary to use forged instead of rolled barrels.

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