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Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow, Balance equation (applied to complete equipment), Band dryer: Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes, Basket-type evaporator, Barbosa, J R Jr, Bateman, G, Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of, Bayonet tube evaporators, Beaton, C F, Beer-Lambert law, Bejan, A, Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation, Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers, Bends: Benzaldehyde: Benzene: Benzoic acid: Benzonitrile: Benzophenone: Benzyl alcohol: Benzyl chloride: Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface, Bergles, Arthur E, Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders, Bimetallic tubes: Binary mixtures: Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian), Biofouling, Biot number: Biphenyl: Bismarck A, Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by, Black surface: Blackbody radiation, Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers, Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation, Blasius equation for friction factor, Blenkin, R, Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for, Boilers: Boiling: Boiling curve: Boiling length: Boiling number, definition, Boiling point, normal, Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures): Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes, Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in, Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger, Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in, Bolting, Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Boltzmann's constant, Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Borishanski, V M, Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling, Bott, T R, Boundary layer: Boussinesq approximations: Boussinesq number, definition, Bowring correlations for critical heat flux, Bracket supports for heat exchangers: Brauner, N, Brazed plate exchanger, Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction, Bricks, drying of, Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation, Brinkman number, Brittle fracture, Bromine: Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders, Bromobenzene: Bromoethane: Bromomethane: Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1): Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation, BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500), Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux, Bubble flow: Bubbles: Bulk viscosity, Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers, Bundle layout, in condensers Buoyancy effects: Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with, Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations, 1,2-Butadiene: 1,3-Butadiene: Butane: 1-Butanol: 2-Butanol: Butene-1: cis-2-Butene: trans-2-Butene: Butterworth, D, Butyl acetate: t-Butyl alcohol: Butylamine: Butylbenzene: n-Butylbenzene: n-Butylcyclohexane: Butylcyclopentane: Butylene oxide: Butyr-aldehyde: Butyric acid: Butyronitrile: Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):

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Baffle leakage in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchangers: Baker flow regime map for horizontal gas-liquid flow, Balance equation (applied to complete equipment), Band dryer: Bandel and Schlunder correlations, for boiling in horizontal tubes, Basket-type evaporator, Barbosa, J R Jr, Bateman, G, Bayonet tube heat exchangers, constructional features of, Bayonet tube evaporators, Beaton, C F, Beer-Lambert law, Bejan, A, Bell-Delaware method for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Bell and Ghaly method for calculation of multicomponent condensation, Benard cells in free convection in horizontal fluid layers, Bends: Benzaldehyde: Benzene: Benzoic acid: Benzonitrile: Benzophenone: Benzyl alcohol: Benzyl chloride: Berenson equation for pool film boiling from a horizontal surface, Bergles, Arthur E, Bernoulli equation, application to flow across cylinders, Bimetallic tubes: Binary mixtures: Bingham fluid (non-Newtonian), Biofouling, Biot number: Biphenyl: Bismarck A, Black liquor, in pulp and paper industry, fouling of heat exchangers by, Black surface: Blackbody radiation, Blades, in scraped surface heat exchangers, Blake-Carmen-Kozeny equation, Blasius equation for friction factor, Blenkin, R, Blunt bodies, drag coefficients for, Boilers: Boiling: Boiling curve: Boiling length: Boiling number, definition, Boiling point, normal, Boiling range (in multicomponent mixtures): Boiling surface in boiling in vertical tubes, Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), fouling problems in, Bolted channel head in shell-and-tube exchanger, Bolted cone head in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Bolted joints, thermal contact resistance in, Bolting, Bolting of flanges in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Boltzmann's constant, Bonnet head, in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Borishanski, V M, Borishanski correlation for nucleate pool boiling, Bott, T R, Boundary layer: Boussinesq approximations: Boussinesq number, definition, Bowring correlations for critical heat flux, Bracket supports for heat exchangers: Brauner, N, Brazed plate exchanger, Brazing in plate fin heat exchanger construction, Bricks, drying of, Brine recirculation, in multistage flash-evaporation, Brinkman number, Brittle fracture, Bromine: Bromley equation for film boiling from horizontal cylinders, Bromobenzene: Bromoethane: Bromomethane: Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant 13B1): Brush and cage system, for fouling mitigation, BS 5500 code for mechanical design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (see also PD 5500), Bubble crowding as mechanism of critical heat flux, Bubble flow: Bubbles: Bulk viscosity, Bundle-induced convection in kettle reboilers, Bundle layout, in condensers Buoyancy effects: Buoyancy-induced flow in channels, free convective heat transfer with, Busemann-Crocco integral, application in boundary layer equations, 1,2-Butadiene: 1,3-Butadiene: Butane: 1-Butanol: 2-Butanol: Butene-1: cis-2-Butene: trans-2-Butene: Butterworth, D, Butyl acetate: t-Butyl alcohol: Butylamine: Butylbenzene: n-Butylbenzene: n-Butylcyclohexane: Butylcyclopentane: Butylene oxide: Butyr-aldehyde: Butyric acid: Butyronitrile: Bypass (shell-and-tube bundle):
C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Saddle Supports Extend

DOI 10.1615/hedhme.a.000425

4.3 SHELL-AND-TUBE DESIGN CODES
4.3.8 Supports

A. Introduction

Cylindrical shell heat exchangers may be supported in either the horizontal or vertical planes. Vertical thermosyphon reboilers, which are generally relatively small, typically no larger than 1 m. diameter and 3 m. long, may be hung from the distillation columns provided they are located close to the column. They are generally supported near to the top tubesheet and with two brackets on either sides of a vessel diameter. If their location and size do not permit this then separate steelwork may be required.

Vertical condenser/subcoolers generally need to be arranged vertically in order to carry out both condensing and then subcooling. As they tend to be larger than the above reboilers they are usually supported on four brackets, again near the top tubesheet to minimize expansion difficulties with the large connections on the tubeside. The brackets are located on two vessel diameters 90° apart.

In other cases the heat exchangers are placed in the horizontal plane and in these cases are supported using two saddles. This arrangement permits the support of exchangers which are of larger diameter and length, than those above, or they may be of substantial overall weight in view of the fact that they are required to operate at high pressure, requiring a thick walled shell and heavy flanges.

Section 419H, Section 420H and Section 423J(g) of the Handbook discuss the requirements of various codes for the design of heat exchanger supports. It will be noted that the most comprehensive approach is provided by the British Standard. British Standards Institution (1994), the analytical basis of which is discussed in Section 404C. Further information pertaining to the analysis of local loading is also provided in the Wickman et al., (1979); this latter is often employed by designers who use American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1998).

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